Hamid-World

Javascript Char Codes (Key Codes)

2010-09-25T22:35:00.001-07:00

Key Pressed	Javascript Key Code
backspace	8
tab	9
enter	13
shift	16
ctrl	17
alt	18
pause/break	19
caps lock	20
escape	27
page up	33
page down	34
end	35
home	36
left arrow	37
up arrow	38
right arrow	39
down arrow	40
insert	45
delete	46
0	48
1	49
2	50
3	51
4	52
5	53
6	54
7	55
8	56
9	57
a	65
b	66
c	67
d	68
e	69
f	70
g	71
h	72
i	73
j	74
k	75
l	76
m	77
n	78
o	79
p	80
q	81
r	82
s	83
t	84
u	85
v	86
w	87
x	88
y	89
z	90
left window key	91
right window key	92
select key	93
numpad 0	96
numpad 1	97
numpad 2	98
numpad 3	99
numpad 4	100
numpad 5	101
numpad 6	102
numpad 7	103
numpad 8	104
numpad 9	105
multiply	106
add	107
subtract	109
decimal point	110
divide	111
f1	112
f2	113
f3	114
f4	115
f5	116
f6	117
f7	118
f8	119
f9	120
f10	121
f11	122
f12	123
num lock	144
scroll lock	145
semi-colon	186
equal sign	187
comma	188
dash	189
period	190
forward slash	191
grave accent	192
open bracket	219
back slash	220
close braket	221
single quote	222

Common Mistakes Interview Tips

2009-08-10T02:58:00.001-07:00

All that hard work sending out resumes has finally paid off and you've been called in for a face-to-face job interview.

Congratulations!

This is an important step in your job search. It's also your only chance to make a lasting first impression.
On the day of your interview, sweating palms and stomach butterflies are to be expected. But you can reduce your stress level by knowing some common mistakes that interviewees make when meeting with potential employers -- and avoiding them.

Here are 10 of the most common mistakes people make on job interviews:

1. Not taking the interview seriously: Don't make the mistake of thinking the interview is just a formality. Even if all the preliminaries have gone well, don't be cavalier and start imagining how you'll start spending your new salary. The biggest error you can make is to assume that, because you've gotten this far, the job is in the bag.

2. Dressing down: How you present yourself during your initial meeting with a potential employer is very important, and your physical appearance can speak volumes to someone who is meeting you for the first time. Even if you know that the firm allows employees to wear jeans, don't sabotage yourself by showing up to the interview in casual clothing. Err on the side of conservative and show up in neat, professional clothing, preferably a business suit.

3. Not showing why you're the best choice: Be familiar with the job description of the position you're interviewing for so you can illustrate how your experience, abilities, and strengths are in line with the company's needs. Many potential employers want to know why they should hire you specifically. Make it clear to them.

4. Being too modest: Failing to talk yourself up during an interview is one of the most self-defeating mistakes you can make. This is not the time for humility, so sing your praises! Don't be afraid to talk up everything you've accomplished, whether in school or in previous companies. This is your time to shine.

5. Talking too much: Be careful not to talk over the interviewer. This meeting should be a two-way conversation, and many interviewees cover up their nervousness by blathering on. Sit calmly and listen carefully, answering questions thoughtfully.

6. Focusing on the funds: Don't start talking about money too soon into the interview. Focusing on your salary requirements and previous salary history right off the bat may cause you to reveal too much. While the topic of salary will certainly come up, follow the interviewer' s lead. He or she may be saving that topic for a later conversation.

7. Trash talking: Even if you hated your former boss or felt you were treated unfairly by your previous employer, a job interview is not the place to launch into a litany of complaints. Don't go there. If you were laid off or fired from a previous position, be prepared with an explanation that puts a positive spin on the circumstances.

8. Failing to ask questions: Your résumé may be impressive on paper, but employers also appreciate a candidate who can ask several intelligent questions during an interview. Prepare at least 3 or 4 questions in advance to ask the interviewer. Interviews are an exchange of information, and not having questions to ask can reveal a lack of preparation.

9. Lack of enthusiasm: This is your first and sometimes only chance to showcase your personality. Don't walk in announcing how you're having a bad day. Be polite and upbeat. Show your enthusiasm for both the job and the opportunity to interview for it. And don't forget to thank the person at the end of the interview!

10. Forgetting the follow-up: Make sure to send a handwritten thank-you note or polite email to the interviewer expressing gratitude for his or her time and consideration.. And while you don't want to start calling the company on a daily basis, a phone call checking in a week after the interview is perfectly acceptable.

xp-installing update 1 of 1

2009-08-07T19:35:00.000-07:00

Google will have a bazillion different listing s for this, all complicated processes. Maybe i just got lucky with this one, but try it first!

My problem was an install from windows update the often gets corrupted, xml4. Whenever I shut down my computer, Windows said it is installing update 1 of 1. It toggled between the message of “Installing update 1 of 1″ and a don’t turn off the computer, it would shut down by itself. But it will stay on that until I force shut down, and still be there whenever I want to restart or shutdown. If this is you:

Disable automatic updates > more on that
Download “msxml4-KB936181-enu.exe” from the Microsoft site, not Windows Update.
Run the program > Remove
Reboot
Run the program again > Install
Turn on Automatic Updates. I left automatic updates OFF, but the problem should be fixed so you shouldn’t have to.

Orissa e-Admission 11th standard

2009-08-03T01:32:00.000-07:00

dhe orissa e-Admission declared College wise 1st Selection List at dheorissa.in. DHE Orissa 11th Std 1st Selection List at www.dheorissa.in DHE Orissa Selection List 2009 at www.dheorissa.in
Department of Higher Education Orissa 11th Standard First Selection List 2009 at www.dheorissa.in

How to remove recent projects from Visual Studio Start Page

2009-08-02T15:46:00.000-07:00

Sometimes we create projects just for experimentation and then soon after we are done with the experimentation, we delete the project from the file system in order not to clutter up our working environment. But what about Visual Studio? The Start page of Visual Studio has a list of recent projects and it is meant for a convenient feature. But for the experimental projects that no longer exist, that list does not really reflect the reality.

To remove the projects from the list, follow these steps:

Close Visual Studio if it is running.
Start the Registry Editor (run regedit).
Navigate to this registry key:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\8.0\ProjectMRUList
Then delete the key that has the project you do not want to keep in the list.

A little note to keep in mind is that the list only lists consecutive items starting File1. So if in the above list I deleted File6, then only projects corresponding to File1 to File5 will be displayed in the recent project list. File7 and above will not be displayed. If in case you like File7 and above to be displayed, you will need to rename one of the keys so that they form a consecutive numbered list.

Show labels without the post count

2009-07-26T11:28:00.000-07:00

Some people prefer not to display the label count in their blogs as it looks a bit unprofessional. Lets say if you have a label 'Funny sms' with 50 label count and another one ' Good morning sms' with 2 as label count... less people will show interest on clicking the second one.

So, lets see how to hide or remove the Label count in your blogger blog(s)...

1. Sign into Blogger dashboard » Layout » Edit html
Tick the expand widget templates and remove this line from the template..
(<data:label.count/>)

2. Save the Changes and done!

Talking cat

2009-07-26T03:01:00.001-07:00

Hamid - World

Microsoft Access Tutorial

2009-07-25T19:16:00.001-07:00

Introduction into Microsoft Access
Starting Up Microsoft Access
Creating New, and Opening Existing Databases
Creating a database using a wizard
Creating a database without using a wizard
Tables - What they are and how they work
    Create a table from scratch in Design view
    Primary Keys
    Switching Views
    Entering Data
    Manipulating Data
    Advanced Table Feature Examples
Relationships - How to link multiple tables together
Forms - What they are and how they work
    Creating A Form Using A Wizard
Reports - What they are and how they work
    Creating A Report Using A Wizard
    Creating Mail Merge Labels using aWizard

Microsoft Access Description

Microsoft Access is a powerful program to create and manage your databases. It has many built in features to assist you in constructing and viewing your information. Access is much more involved and is a more genuine database application than other programs such as Microsoft Works.

This tutorial will help you get started with Microsoft Access and may solve some of your problems, but it is a very good idea to use the Help Files that come with Microsoft Access, or go to Microsoft's web site located at http://microsoft.com/office/access/default.htm for further assistance.

First of all you need to understand how Microsoft Access breaks down a database. Some keywords involved in this process are: Database File, Table, Record, Field, Data-type. Here is the Hierarchy that Microsoft Access uses in breaking down a database.

	Database File: This is your main file that encompasses the entire database and that is saved to your hard-drive or floppy disk. Example) StudentDatabase.mdb
	Table:A table is a collection of data about a specific topic. There can be multiple tables in a database. Example #1) Students Example #2) Teachers
	Field:Fields are the different categories within a Table. Tables usually contain multiple fields. Example #1) Student LastName Example #2) Student FirstName
	Datatypes:Datatypes are the properties of each field. A field only has 1 datatype. FieldName) Student LastName Datatype) Text

This tutorial will help you get started with Microsoft Access and may solve some of your problems, but it is a very good idea to use the Help Files that come with Microsoft Access (or any program you use for that matter), or go to Microsoft's web site located at http://microsoft.com/office/access/default.htm for further assistance.

Two Ways
1. Double click on the Microsoft Access icon on the desktop.
2. Click on Start --> Programs --> Microsoft Access

Create a New Database from scratch

Use the wizard to create a New Database

Open an existing database

The white box gives you the most recent databases you have used. If you do not see the one you had created, choose the More Files option and hit OK. Otherwise choose the database you had previously used and click OK.

When Microsoft Access first starts up, a dialog box is automatically displayed with options to create a new database or open an existing one. If this dialog box is displayed, click Access Database Wizards, pages, and projects and then click OK.

If you have already opened a database or closed the dialog box that displays when Microsoft Access starts up, click New Database on the toolbar.

On the Databases tab, double-click the icon for the kind of database you want to create.

Specify a name and location for the database.

Click Create to start defining your new database

When Microsoft Access first starts up, a dialog box is automatically displayed with options to create a new database or open an existing one. If this dialog box is displayed, click Blank Access Database, and then click OK.

If you have already opened a database or closed the dialog box that displays when Microsoft Access starts up, click New Database on the toolbar, and then double-click the Blank Database icon on the General tab.

Specify a name and location for the database and click Create. (Below is the screen that shows up following this step)

A table is a collection of data about a specific topic, such as students or contacts. Using a separate table for each topic means that you store that data only once, which makes your database more efficient, and reduces data-entry errors.

Tables organize data into columns (called fields) and rows (called records).

Back to top

Create a Table from scratch in Design view

If you haven't already done so, switch to the Database Window You can press F11 to switch to the Database window from any other window.

Double-Click on "Create table in Design view".
(DESIGN VIEW)

Define each of the fields in your table.

Under the Field Name column, enter the categories of your table.

Under Data Type column, enter the type you want for you categories.

The attribute of a variable or field that determines what kind of data it can hold. For example, in a Microsoft Access database, the Text and Memo field data types allow the field to store either text or numbers, but the Number data type will allow the field to store numbers only. Number data type fields store numerical data that will be used in mathematical calculations. Use the Currency data type to display or calculate currency values. Other data types are Date/Time, Yes/No, Auto Number, and OLE object (Picture).

Under the Description column, enter the text that describes what you field is. (This field is optional).

For our tutorial enter the following items:

One or more fields (columns) whose value or values uniquely identify each record in a table. A primary key does not allow Null values and must always have a unique value. A primary key is used to relate a table to foreign keys in other tables.

NOTE: You do not have to define a primary key, but it's usually a good idea. If you don't define a primary key, Microsoft Access asks you if you would like to create one when you save the table.

For our tutorial, make the Soc Sec # field the primary key, meaning that every student has a social security number and no 2 are the same.

To do this, simply select the Soc Sec # field and select the primary key button
After you do this, Save the table

To switch views form the datasheet (spreadsheet view) and the design view, simply click the button in the top-left hand corner of the Access program.

Datasheet View Design View

Displays the view, which allows you to enter raw data into your database table.
Displays the view, which allows you to enter fields, data-types, and descriptions into your database table.

Click on the Datasheet View and simply start "chugging" away by entering the data into each field. NOTE: Before starting a new record, the Soc Sec # field must have something in it, because it is the Primary Key. If you did not set a Primary Key then it is OK.

Adding a new row

Simply drop down to a new line and enter the information

Updating a record

Simply select the record and field you want to update, and change its data with what you want

Deleting a record

Simply select the entire row and hit the Delete Key on the keyboard

Assigning a field a specific set of characters

Example) Making a Social Security Number only allows 9 characters.

Formatting a field to look a specific way (HINT: You do not need to assign a field a specific set of characters if you do this)

Example) Formatting Phone Number w/ Area Code (xxx) xxx-xxxx

Switch to Design View

Select the field you want to format

At the bottom select the General Tab

Select Input Mask Box and click on the ... button at the right.

Select Phone Number option

Click on Next

Leave !(999) 000-0000 the way it is. This is a default.

Click Next

Select which option you want it to look like

Click Next

Click Finish

Selecting a value from a dropdown box with a set of values that you assign to it. This saves you from typing it in each time

Example)Choosing a city that is either Auburn, Bay City, Flint, Midland, or Saginaw

Switch to Design View

Select the field you want to alter (City)

At the bottom select the Lookup Tab

In the Display Control box, select Combo Box

Under Row Source Type, select Value List

Under Row Source, enter the values how you want them displayed, separated by a comma. (Auburn, Bay City, Flint, Midland, Saginaw)

NOTE:This will not alphabetize them for you, so you will have to do that yourself. It should look something like this:

Select in the datasheet view and you should see the change when you go to the city field.

After you've set up multiple tables in your Microsoft Access database, you need a way of telling Access how to bring that information back together again. The first step in this process is to define relationships between your tables. After you've done that, you can create queries, forms, and reports to display information from several tables at once.

A relationship works by matching data in key fields - usually a field with the same name in both tables. In most cases, these matching fields are the primary key from one table, which provides a unique identifier for each record, and a foreign key in the other table. For example, teachers can be associated with the students they're responsible for by creating a relationship between the teacher's table and the student's table using the TeacherID fields.

Having met the criteria above, follow these steps for creating relationships between tables.

In the database window view, at the top, click on Tools ---> Relationships

Select the Tables you want to link together, by clicking on them and selecting the Add Button

Drag the primary key of the Parent table (Teacher in this case), and drop it into the same field in the Child table (Student in this case.)

Select Enforce Referential Integrity

When the Cascade Update Related Fields check box is set, changing a primary key value in the primary table automatically updates the matching value in all related records.
When the Cascade Delete Related Records check box is set, deleting a record in the primary table deletes any related records in the related table

Click Create and Save the Relationship

A form is nothing more than a graphical representation of a table. You can add, update, delete records in your table by using a form. NOTE: Although a form can be named different from a table, they both still manipulate the same information and the same exact data. Hence, if you change a record in a form, it will be changed in the table also.

A form is very good to use when you have numerous fields in a table. This way you can see all the fields in one screen, whereas if you were in the table view (datasheet) you would have to keep scrolling to get the field you desire.

It is a very good idea to create a form using the wizard, unless you are an advanced user and know what you are doing. Microsoft Access does a very good job of creating a form using the wizard. The following steps are needed to create a basic form:

Switch to the Database Window. You can do this by pressing F11 on the keyboard.

Click on the Forms button under Objects on the left side of screen

Double click on Create Form Using Wizard

On the next screen select the fields you want to view on your form. Most of the time you would select all of them.

Click Next

Select the layout you wish

Click Next

Select the style you desire...HINT: if you plan on printing your form, I suggest you use a light background to save on printer toner and ink

Click Next

Give you form a name, and select Open the Form and enter information

Select Finish

You should see your form. To adjust the design of your form, simply hit the design button (same as with the tables), and adjust your form accordingly

A report is an effective way to present your data in a printed format. Because you have control over the size and appearance of everything on a report, you can display the information the way you want to see it.

As with the Form, it is a very good idea to create a report using the wizard, unless you are an advanced user. Microsoft Access does a very good job using the wizard to create reports.

Switch to the Database Window. You can do this by pressing F11 on the keyboard.

Click on the Reports button under Objects on the left side of screen

Double click on Create Report Using Wizard

On the next screen select the fields you want to view on your form. Most of the time you would select all of them.

Click Next

Select if you would like to group your files. Keep repeating this step for as many groupings as you would like.

Click Next

Select the layout and the paper orientation you desire

Click Next

Select the style you desire...HINT: if you plan on printing your report, I suggest you use a light background to save on printer toner and ink

Click Next

Give you report a name, and select Preview the Report

Select Finish

You should see your report. To adjust the design of your report, simply hit the design button (same as with the tables), and adjust your report accordingly

Microsoft Access lets you create Mailing Labels for your database that you have. To do this do the following:

Switch to the Database Window. You can do this by pressing F11 on the keyboard.

Click on the Reports button under Objects on the left side of screen

Click on New

Select Label Wizard and the table you would like to get your information from.

Click OK

Select the layout of your labels

Click Next

Select the font size and color you want on each label

Click Next

Select how you want your label to look

Click Next

Select how you want your labels sorted

Give your label report a name and preview it

Ms-Access : Creating Queries using QueryDef

2009-07-25T18:43:00.001-07:00

Coding Queries

Once you’ve created a database and populated it with data you need to find a way to get the data out to view. You also need to be able to change, remove or update the data in order for a database to be truly useful. So how do you go about doing this?

Well, to communicate with a database in Microsoft Access you use what is called SQL or Structured Query Language.

Microsoft Access makes manipulating database information very easy because it allows users to manipulate data visually or through coding using VBA. Both methods enable you to retrieve specific information based on set conditions.

For example in a database that holds information about books you might want to view books that were written by a specific author instead of viewing all the books in the database. This type of limitation is also called filtering and is fully supported by MS Access.

To demonstrate the use of SQL in Access we are going to create a database called Books with two tables called genre and book. So, we startup Microsoft Access 2000 and create a database with the above details. Then after creating the database, create the tables with the following data and structure:

Fig 1. Books table structure

Fig 2. Books table Data

Fig 3. Genre table structure

Fig 4. Genre table Data

Creating a Query

Microsoft Access makes this extremely easy to do. Simply click on Insert » Query, you will then get dialog box popping up that will give you various options to create a query. If you are new to creating queries then I suggest you take the Simple Query Wizard option, because the wizard will guide you in creating the kind of query that you want otherwise use the design view option.

After creating the query, you have a choice of saving it for later use. For the purposes of this article, save the query as ListEducationalBooks. I’ve created this query using the visual design method which as the name suggests lets you construct a query visually:

Fig 5. Creating the query in design view

The query retrieves a list of all the titles that fall within the educational genre. You can create the same query programmatically, using CreateQueryDef() function.

The function has the syntax: CreateQueryDef(QueryName, SQLStatement).

The first argument of the function is the name of the new query that you want to create and the second argument is the SQL statement i.e.:

Private Sub createquery_Click()
  Dim query As String
       Query = "SELECT books.title FROM books WHERE (((books.genreID)=3))"
       CreateQueryDef(ListEducationalBooks, Query) 
End Sub

Running a query

After creating and saving the query it automatically becomes a method of the database object. You can execute the query or “open” it by clicking on the red exclamation mark on the toolbar or selecting Query and then run from the menu bar.

To run the query through code, you use the OpenQuery() method of the doCmd object. The method takes three arguments which is the name of the query, view (optional) and the datamode (optional).

The syntax is as follows: OpenQuery(QueryName, View, DataMode)

You can use the method in something like this:

Private Sub Command2_Click()
    On Error GoTo Err_Command2_Click

    Dim stDocName As String

    stDocName = "ListEducationalBooks"
    DoCmd.OpenQuery stDocName, acNormal, acEdit

Exit_Command2_Click:
    Exit Sub

Err_Command2_Click:
    MsgBox Err.Description
    Resume Exit_Command2_Click

End Sub

Prepare to laugh

2009-07-24T19:39:00.000-07:00

hamid-world

In Unix, how do I change the permissions for a file?

2009-07-21T16:56:00.001-07:00

In Unix, how do I change the permissions for a file?

You can change file permissions with the chmod command.
In Unix, file permissions, which establish who may have
different types of access to a file, are specified by both access
classes and access types. Access classes are groups of users, and
each may be assigned specific access types. The access classes are
"user", "group", "other", and "all". These refer, respectively, to
the user who owns the file, a specific group
of users, the other remaining users who are not in the group, and all
three sets of users. Access types (read, write, and execute)
determine what may be done with the file by each access class.

There are two basic ways of using chmod to change file
permissions:

Symbolic method

The first and probably easiest way is the relative (or symbolic)
method, which lets you specify access classes and types with single
letter abbreviations. A chmod command with this form of
syntax consists of at least three parts from the following lists:

Access Class	Operator	Access Type
u (user)	+ (add access)	r (read)
g (group)	- (remove access)	w (write)
o (other)	= (set exact access)	x (execute)
a (all: u, g, and o)

For example, to add permission for everyone to read a file in the
current directory named myfile, at the Unix prompt, you
would enter:

chmod a+r myfile

The a stands for "all", the

+ for "add", and the
r for "read".

Note: This assumes that everyone already has access
to the directory where myfile is located and its parent
directories; that is, you must set the directory permissions
separately.

If you omit the access class, it's assumed to be all, so you could
also enter the previous example as:

chmod +r myfile

You can also specify multiple classes and types with a single command.
For example, to remove read and write permission for group and other
users (leaving only yourself with read and write permission) on a file
named myfile, you would enter:

chmod go-rw myfile

You can also specify that different permissions be added and removed
in the same command. For example, to remove write permission and add
execute for all users on myfile, you would enter:

chmod a-w+x myfile

In each of these examples, the access types that aren't specified are
unchanged. The previous command, for example, doesn't change any
existing settings specifying whether users besides yourself may have
read ( r ) access to myfile. You
could also use the exact form to explicitly state that group and other
users' access is set only to read with the =
operator:

chmod go=r myfile

The chmod command also operates on directories. For
example, to remove write permission for other users on a subdirectory
named mydir, you would enter:

chmod o-w mydir

To do the same for the current directory, you would enter:

chmod o-w

Be careful when setting the permissions of directories, particularly
your home directory; you don't want to lock yourself out by removing
your own access. Also, you must have execute permission on a directory
to switch ( cd ) to it.

Absolute form

The other way to use the chmod command is the absolute
form. In this case, you specify a set of three numbers that together
determine all the access classes and types. Rather than being able to
change only particular attributes, you must specify the entire state
of the file's permissions.

The three numbers are specified in the order: user (or owner), group,
other. Each number is the sum of values that specify read (4), write
(2), and execute (1) access, with 0 (zero) meaning no access. For
example, if you wanted to give yourself read, write, and execute
permissions on myfile; give users in your group read and
execute permissions; and give others only execute permission, the
appropriate number would be calculated as (4+2+1)(4+0+1)(0+0+1) for
the three digits 751. You would then enter the command as:

chmod 751 myfile

As another example, to give only yourself read, write, and execute
permission on the current directory, you would calculate the digits
as (4+2+1)(0+0+0)(0+0+0) for the sequence 700, and enter the command:

chmod 700

If it seems clearer to you, you can also think of the three digit
sequence as the sum of attributes you select from the following table:

400 read by owner
200 write by owner
100 execute by owner

040 read by group
020 write by group
010 execute by group

004 read by others
002 write by others
001 execute by others

To create an access mode, sum all the accesses you wish to permit.
For example, to give read privileges to all, and write and execute
privileges to the owner only for a file, you would sum:
400+200+100+040+004 = 744. Then, at the Unix prompt, you would enter:

chmod 744 myfile.ext

Some other frequently used examples are:

777	anyone can do anything (read, write, or execute)
755	you can do anything; others can only read and execute
711	you can do anything; others can only execute
644	you can read and write; others can only read

More information

For more information about chmod, consult the manual
page. At the Unix prompt, enter:

man chmod

UNIX Commads

2009-07-21T04:47:00.001-07:00

1 Log In Session

1.1 Log In

Enter username at login: prompt. Be carefull - Unix is case sensitive.
Enter password at password: prompt.

1.2 Change Password

passwd

1.3 Log Out

logout or exit

2 File System

2.1 Create a File

cat >  file      Enter text and end with  ctrl-D
vi  file         Edit  file  using the  vi  editor

2.2 Make a Directory

mkdir directory-name

2.3 Display File Contents

cat   file    display contents of  file 
more  file    display contents of  file one screenfull at a time.
view  file    a read only version of vi. 
less  file    similar to, but more powerfull than more. 
              See the man page for more infomation on less.

2.4 Comparing Files

diff file1 file2   line by comparison
cmp file1 file2    byte by byte comparison

2.5 Changing Access Modes

chmod mode file1 file2 ...
chmod -R  mode dir (changes all files in  dir  )

    Mode Settings

 u  user (owner)
 g  group
 o  other

 +  add permission
 -  remove permission

 r  read
 w  write
 x  execute

Example: chmod go+rwx public.html adds read, write, and execute permissions for group and other on public.html.

2.6 List Files and Directories

ls        list contents of directory
ls -a     include files with "." (dot files)
ls -l     list contents in long format (show modes)

2.7 Move (or Rename) Files and Directories

mv src-file dest-file    rename src-file to  dest-file
mv src-file dest-dir     move a file into a directory
mv src-dir dest-dir      rename src-dir, or move to dest-dir
mv -i src dest           copy & prompt before overwriting

2.8 Copy Files

cp src-file dest-file    copy src-file to  dest-file
cp src-file dest-dir     copy a file into a directory
cp -R src-dir dest-dir   copy one directory into another
cp -i src dest           copy & prompt before overwriting

2.9 Remove File

rm file      remove (delete) a file
rmdir dir    remove an empty directory
rm -r dir    remove a directory and its contents
rm -i file   remove file, but prompt before deleting

2.10 Compressing files

compress file       encode file, replacing it with file.Z
zcat file.Z         display compressed file
uncompress file.Z   decode file.Z, replacing it with file

2.11 Find Name of Current Directory

pwd    display absolute path of working directory

2.12 Pathnames

simple:: One filename or directory name for accessing local file or directory.

Example: foo.c
absolute:: List of directory names from root directory to desired file or directory name, each separated by /.

Example: /src/shared
relative:: List of directory names from working directory to desired file or directory name, each separated by /.

Example: Mail/inbox/23

2.13 Directory Abbreviations

~           Your home (login) directory
~username   Another user's home directory
.           Working (current)  directory
..          Parent of working directory
../..       Parent of parent directory

2.14 Change Working Directory

cd /	   			go to the root directory
cd        			go to your login (home) directory
cd ~username 			go to username's login (home) directory
				not allowed in the Bourne shell
cd ~username/directory		go to username's indicated directory
cd ..				go up one directory level from here
cd ../..			go up two directory levels from here
cd /full/path/name/from/root	change directory to absolute path named 
 				note the leading slash
cd path/from/current/directory	change directory to path relative to here. 
				note there is no leading slash

3.0 Commands

3.1 Date

date    display date and time

3.2 Wild Cards

?    single character wild card
*    Arbitrary number of characters

3.3 Printing

lpr file            print file on default printer
lpr -Pprinter file  print file on printer
lpr -c# file        print # copies of file
lpr -d file         interpret file as a dvi file
lpq                 show print queue (-Pprinter also valid)
lprm -#             remove print request # (listed with lpq)

3.4 Redirection

command > file		direct output of command to file instead of
			to standard output (screen), replacing current 
			contents of file

command > > file	as above, except output is appended to the current 
			contents of file

command < file		command receives input from file instead of
			from standard input (keyboard)

cmd1 | cmd2		"pipe" output of cmd1 to input of cmd2

script file		log everything displayed on the terminal to file; 
			end with exit

4 Search Files

grep string filelist 		show lines containing string in any file 
				in filelist
grep -v string filelist 	show lines not containing string
grep -i string filelist 	show lines containing string, ignore case

5 Information on Users

finger user or
finger user@machine 	get information on a user
finger @machine 	list users on machine
who      		list current users

6 Timesavers

6.1 Aliases

alias string command     abbreviate command to string

6.2 History: Command Repetition

Commands may be recalled

history    show command history
!num       repeat command with history number num
!str       repeat last command beginning with string str
!!         repeat entire last command line
!$         repeat last word of last command line

7.0 Process and Job Control

7.1 Important Terms

pid		Process IDentification number.  See section 7.2.
job-id 	Job identification number. See section 7.2.

7.2 Display Process and/or Job IDs

ps       report processes and pid numbers
ps gx    as above, but include "hidden" processes
jobs     report current jobs and job id numbers

7.3 Stop (Suspend) a Job

ctrl-Z    NOTE:process still exists!

7.4 Run a Job in the Background

To start a job in  background add & to the end of the command. 
Example: xv foo.gif &

To force a running job into the background:

ctrl-Z    stop the job
bg        "push" the job into the background

7.5 Bring a Job to the Foreground

fg              bring a job to foreground
fg %job-id      foreground by job-id (see 7.2)

7.6 Kill a Process or Job

ctrl-C                 kill foreground process
kill -KILL pid#        see 7.2 for 
kill -KILL %job-id#    displaying  pids & job-ids

8.0 Mail Handler (MH)

MH commands are issued directly to the terminal.

inc        incorporate new mail
scan       show list of mail messages
show       show current message
next       show next message
prev       show previous message
repl       reply to current message
forw       forward current message
comp       compose a mail message
rmm        remove current mail message
cmd -help  print help on mh commmand cmd

The file .mh_profile is used to enable/disable MH features. man mh-profile for more information.

9.0 On-line Assistance

On-line Documentation

man command-name   display on-line manual pages
man -k  string     list one-line summaries of manual pages containing string

Toolbar

2009-06-21T13:54:00.000-07:00

My Toolbar has been Updated with Lots of New TV Channels and Lots of Addictive Games.

And My Toolbar has Already a number of Great Stuffs.

Try It

TV Channels

USA

ABC News

Bloomberg

BME Music

CBN Espanol

CBC News

CSPAN 2

Fox11 LA

Fox5 Las Vegas

NASA TV

NBC - News

NBC Weather

Wildlife Channel

BBC Headlines

BBC News

BBC Question Time

Blomberg UK - Business

BME Music

Classic FM TV

Cycling TV - Sport

Europsort News UK

Ministry of sound - Music

Sports Portal TV

Sky - News

Wildlife Channel

Germany

1-2-3 TV

3SAT

Allgaeo TV

Bundesligen TV

Camorakel TV

CampusTV

Def TV - Business

Donau TV

FLOTT TV - Local from Guenzburg

GameTV

Munchen 2 - Business

Regio TV Schwaben

RTL

StreetClip TV - Music

TRP1 - Local from Niederbayern

TV Halle

ZDF

Holland

AT5 - News

Geloven (NCRV)

GP TV

Graafschap TV

MAXX XS

Museeum TV - Lifestyle

Omroep Fryslan

Oog TV - Local from Groningen

Regio 22 - Local

RTL ZTV - Business

RTV Noord Holland

RTV West - Local from Zuid-Holland

RTV Oost - Local

Salto A1

Salto A2

Stads TV Utrecht

TV Orange

TV West - Local from Zuid-Holland

France

ASTV - Local from Grande-Synthe

Clap TV

France 2 Meteo

France 2 - Revue de presse

France 24

Labelle TV

Lusophonie Parisienne TVweb

Mulivan TV

Orange Sports

Tele 102

Telenight com

TF1

TLM TV - Local from Lyon

TV5 Journal

TVSF

Spain

A3 noticias

Canal 13 Digital

CRTVG

ESMADRID TV

ETB

ETB 2

GALICA TV

IB3 LOCAL

RTV INSULAR

TORREVIEJA TV

TV CANARIA

TV ZAMORA

UPV TV

Italy

3 Channel

All Music

Bloomberg - Business

Piu Blu

Rai News 24

Rai Sports News

RTL - Music

SAT 2000

Sky 906 - General

Tele 90

Tele Liguria Sud - Local from La Spezia

Tele Radioerre

Telesud TV

Teletruria

Games

Clash'N'Slash

Final Fortress

Pyramid Runner

Snowy: Bear's Adventures

Snowy: Treasure Hunter

Backgammon

Checkers

Chess

Connect 4

Darts

Marbles

Pool

Reversi

Simon

Sudoku

Tic Tac Toe

Poker

Arctic Quest

Atlantis Quest

Bistro Stars

Flower Quest

Hidden Expedition

Mahjongg Artifacts 2

Match 4

Puzzle War Animals

Puzzle War Art

Puzzle War Food

Puzzle War World Travel

Rise of Atlantis

SheepMe

Open source and java based shopping cart

2009-06-18T05:06:00.001-07:00

Here are some of the “open source” and java based shopping cart…..no magic, just do a Krugle

strutmyshop
* Project homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/strutmyshop
* Programming language: Java
* License: GPL

jspshop
jspShop is a JSP-based eCommerce platform. It allows you to build online stores with shopping carts, product categories, and secure ordering. It relies on a Java backend and some sort of transactional database. jspShop aims to be cross- platform and to provide a user-friendly interface for administration and maintenance. The backend is designed to be as reusable as possible.

* Project homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/jspshop/
* Programming language: Java
* License: GPL

frontstore
FrontStore is a web-based shopping cart application and server side administration such as order management, product inventory and customer management. It utilizes best of breed Java technologies such as JSP/Servlets, EJB and xDoclet.
* Project homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/frontstore
* Programming language: Java
* License: GPL

netpushcart
This project is an open source e-commerce shopping cart written in Java and JSP under the Struts framework and making use of Tiles for the templating framework. The application is designed to be highly configurable and customizable.

* Project homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/netpushcart
* Programming language: Java
* License: GPL
* OS: POSIX Linux Win-95/98 Win-32bit

eshop
eShop is a online shop system written in lightweight Java.
* Project homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/eshop
* Programming language: Java
* License: GPL

eyuan
eYuan is a feature packed out-of-the-box online shop solution for small to intermediate size companies. It is similar to osCommerce, but Java-based. eYuan is based on some well-designed frameworks, such as Hibernate, Struts, Spring, etc. No EJB needed.
* Project homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/eyuan
* Programming language: Java _JavaScript
* License: Apache-20
* OS: POSIX Win-32bit

karpuz
a simple web-shop framework. receives orders from a web front-end (browser) and delivers to producer at specified time. written in tiger (java 5.0).
* Project homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/karpuz
* Programming language: Java
* License: GPL

10 Tips For Securing Your Computer

2009-06-16T19:13:00.001-07:00

1. Update/patch ALL your software every now and then!
2. Check/adjust ALL your settings so they are safe, since they ARENT by default!
3. Use firewall, like ZoneAlarm!
4. Use good passwords: at least 13marks long, containing both letters and numbers. Remember to chance your password every few months atleast!
5. Get a good antivirus program & spyware programms and keep it updated!
6. Don’t open or execute files that you are not 100% sure are absolutely safe nomatter where or how you get them.
7. Wipe your historyfiles (like cookies, internet history and temporary files, etc.), logs and personal files, with specific wiping program (like Eraser) instead of just deleting them.
8. Use encryption to enhance your privacy! Use encrypted email (like Hushmail or Ziplip) and encrypt sensitive files on your computer (PGP).
9. Don’t use public computers for anything you need to type in your logins, they usually have Trojan horses that capture your passwords.
10. Don’t assume anything. If you don’t know, find out! If you cant or don’t understand, ask someone who knows! There’s nothing more dangerous than doing something you don’t really know anything about. That’s the best way to cripple your system or get a Trojan horse on your computer!

Character of People according to Blood Group

2009-05-24T06:02:00.000-07:00

Type O "Hot" .

Population
Roughly 38% of the world is O +ve and 6% O -ve.

Traits
Confident and Strong-Willed, Proud, Dedicated, Sociable, Energetic, Extroverted, Frank, Realist, Showy, Flighty, Generalist, Positive, Independent, Risk-Takers, Dislike taking orders, Insecure, Stubborn & Self-Centered.

Make friends easily and go with flow and grasp opportunity. Quick to start a project or chase an idea. Are good at organizing activities. May have short attention span, and expresses strong emotions. May quickly take opposite views that are deep but not always durable. Classic entrepreneurs and movers and shakers.

Express their emotions but can be swayed by other blood types. Have an intrinsic elegance. Sociable and showy. May be good at adapting to circumstances. Words come easily to them. Not self conscious and will frankly reveal inner feelings. Ambitious, but may have issues with detail.

Like to be touch and be touched by others.

Type A "Cool" .

Population
Roughly 34% of the world is A +ve and 6% A -ve.

Traits
Obedient, Careful, Sympathetic, Self-Sacrificing, Polite, Honest, Loyal, Emotional, Introverted & Nervous.

Are reserved calm and even tempered. Sensitive to public opinion. May be Introverted, shy and nervous or ill at ease with others. May be Pessimistic. Value relationships and are loyal. Hesitant to change. Nature lovers and dislike crowds - need a private place or secret hideaway. Can be indecisive. Good at team work and obey rules.

Dislike to touch or be touched by others.

Type B "Active" .

Population
Roughly 9% of the world is B +ve and 2% B -ve.

Traits
Cheerful, Optimistic, Active, Sensitive, Kind, Forgetful, unorganized, Noisy, Egocentric

Energetic and have the drive to reach towards goals. May be workaholics. Not the best team players and are individualistic. Do things at one's own pace. Strong personality adventurous. Likes to get one's own way. Are Sociable and enjoy entertaining.

Like to touch or be touched by others.

Type AB "Care-Free" .

Population
Roughly 4% of the world is AB +ve and 1% AB -ve.

Traits
Social, Easy-going, Sympathetic, Diplomatic, Outgoing, Laid-back, Creative, Unpredictable, Artistic, Flexible, Moody and Brooding.

Blend of opposites. Shy with some and bold with some. Introvert and Extrovert. Unpredictable and may seem to have calm exterior. Strong creative strain. Good at spotting problems and skirting them. Like city environment. Get bored easily. Everything they do is compelling. Never take things for granted. Appear mysterious. Contribute harmoniously to society.

Dislike to touch or be touched by others.

Lock Folder

2009-05-23T23:50:00.001-07:00

Say u want to lock a folder named Hamid in your C drive

Open notepad and type

ren Hamid Hamid.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}

Save it as lock.bat in C drive

Open notepad again and type

ren Hamid.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} Hamid

Save it as unlock.bat in C drive

To lock the folder

just double click on the lock.bat and the folder will be inaccessible

To unlock the folder

Just double click on unlock.bat

Enjoy

Open edit PSD without Photoshop

2009-05-23T22:10:00.000-07:00

Photoshop is one of the most popular graphic editing software in the world . Source of Photoshop work files are automatically saved in PSD format and we usually need Photoshop to open and edit PSD files . But sometimes we may not have Photoshop installed in our computer , then we can use Paint.NET to open PSD files , provided we have an extra PSDplugin .
Paint.NET doesn't need any introduction .It is highly modified version of Microsoft paint . Paint.NET has lot of options which are similar to Adobe Photoshop . It can work with layers , apply affects ,operate with different colors,image profiles etc . We cannot convert PSD file fully in manner to work with Paint.NET , but it can operate basic editing functions and save the resulting file to any other format supported by Paint.NET .

Download Paint.NET
Download Paint.NET addon to open and edit PSD files .

Build Your Self Confidence

2009-05-12T11:20:00.000-07:00

How To Build Your Self Confidence

One of the most
important steps to achieving your goals in life is to develop a strong
sense of self confidence. This does not however involve becoming loud or
arrogant. On the contrary, people with genuine self confidence are usually
calm and self assured and do not need to 'big note' themselves.

Here are my top ten tips for building your self
confidence:

1. Visualise Yourself As The Person You Want To Be

Each morning spend a few minutes visualising yourself as the person you want to be. Think about the way you dress, the way you carry yourself and the way you interact with other people. Seeing yourself as the person you want to become is the first step towards building self confidence.

2. Self Confidence Statement
After visualising yourself as the person you want to be, read the following statement out loud:

"I know I have the ability to achieve my major goal in life. Therefore today, I demand of myself persistent and continuous action towards achieving my goal"

Reading this statement out loud is a great way to start your day in a confident state of mind.

3. Dress Well
One of the most effective ways to instantly improve your level of self confidence is to dress well and to make the decision to always be well groomed. This does not mean you have to go out and buy a whole new wardrobe. Instead, just focus on gradually building up a small collection of good quality clothes. Also remember that simple accessories such as a tie clip or necklace can make a big difference to the way you look and feel.

4. Positive Posture
Another powerful way to build your sense of self confidence is to stand up straight and lose the slouch that many of us have acquired over the years. While you may be able to make a change to your posture by simply becoming aware of it, the best way to make a long lasting change to your posture is to practice yoga or pilates.

5. Move With Purpose
A simple but effective tip for increasing your levels of self confidence is to always move with a sense of purpose. In his book 'The Magic of Thinking Big', David Schwartz recommends walking 25% faster than normal. Having a spring in your step lets people know that you have important things to do and actually makes you feel more confident as you go about your daily business.

6. Become A Participant
Have you ever noticed that in most meetings or groups, people immediately head towards the back of the room so that they can remain as inconspicuous as possible? A great way to increase your visibility and sense of self confidence is to make the decision to always sit towards the front of the room and be a participant. When you have something to say - don't be afraid to say it.

7. Connect With Confidence
Another way to quickly improve your self confidence is to practice making a strong first impression. When you meet someone face-to-face, look them directly in the eye, smile broadly, shake hands firmly and say, "Hi Jim, nice to meet you".
Similarly,
you can sound more confident on the phone by answering, "Good morning Carol Jones speaking" instead of simply saying "Hello"

8. Build Your Success File
Occasionally your self confidence will take a hit when something doesn't work out the way you hoped. One of the best ways to repair your self confidence in this situation is to keep a folder outlining your past achievements and successes. You should also include any positive feedback that you've received from others.
As you review your success file and fill your mind with positive comments, your doubts and insecurities will quickly disappear and your self confidence will be restored.

9. Preparation
The BIG secret to being self confident that people rarely talk about is - preparation. The more you prepare and practice for an event, the more self confident you will become.

If you are worried about an upcoming event, use your apprehension as a stimulus to take action and practice, practice, practice. The simple but powerful truth is that self confidence grows through repetition and experience.

10. Toastmasters
My final tip for developing self confidence is to join a Toastmasters group.

Toastmasters is a non-profit organisation that helps people from all walks of life to develop their public speaking and leadership skills. In my experience Toastmasters offers a safe and relaxed environment to step out of your comfort zone and develop the invaluable skills of being able to think on your feet and speak in public.

So there you have it!

If you implement some or all of these 10 techniques you'll gradually develop a greater sense of self confidence which in turn will help you to pursue and achieve your most important life goals.

Until next time,
Dare To Dream!

Orissa Board of Secondary Education Results 2008

2009-05-12T02:41:00.000-07:00

Board of Secondary Education, Orissa
Orissa Examination Results

Govt of Orissa H.S.C. Examination Results will be declared on 25th June at 11:00 Hrs. Check official site for the results. The results on the official website at 11:00 Hrs. Also Result is available through SMS from BSNL Mobile.

SMS Code : HSCR Roll No.
(For Regular/Regular Correspondence Courses)

SMS Code : HSCX Roll No.
(For Ex-Regular/Ex-Regular Correspondence Courses)

SMS To : 56505

Recommended link www.indihot.com for Latest News

H.S.C. Exam Results
Declared on 25th June at 11:00 Hrs

what does a beep mean - ERROR CODES IN A PC

2009-05-05T18:04:00.000-07:00

One Beep :
DRAM refresh failure
This may be due to - Bad memory chips
- A bad DMA Chip
- Bad memory addressing chips on the motherboard

Two Beeps :
Parity error or Parity Circuit failure
-Your memory may not be seated properly on the mother board.
-Unplug and plug it properly

Three Beeps :
Bad memory or bad mother board

Four beeps :
Timer failure in the RAM.

Five Beeps :
CPU chip may be dead

Six Beeps :
Keyboard controller may have failed

Seven beeps :
CPU is dead. Retry the connections and test.
-Replace the whole motherboard.

Eight Beeps :
Video card is missing or Bad.

Nine Beeps :
Damaged ROM BIOS.
-BIOS chip has to be replaced if it persists.

Ten Beeps :
CMOS shutdown.
-Replace CMOS memory and associated chips.

Eleven Beeps :
Cache memory test has failed.
-To enable cache memory try CTRL+ALT+SHIFT++.

One long Beep and Three short Beeps:
Memory failure

One long Beep and Eight short Beeps :
Video card failure.
-Try to install video card in another slot.

No Beeps :
Check Power supply
-Check mother board connections
-Remove all cards except video card and check for system power up
-Insert all cards one at a time and check their operation.
-If system hangs on the installation of a particular card, then it is the cause for the problem and replace it with another of that type and check

Rescue Your AVI Clips With Digital Video Repair

2009-04-28T15:50:00.001-07:00

Repair Incomplete or Corrupted Files

I used to send partially-downloaded AVI files to the recycle bin until I stumbled upon Digital Video Repair.

It helps repair incomplete AVI files downloaded from P2P sites and also incomplete torrent files. It could also fix an incomplete AVI file from a DVD Rip.

First you input the file and DVR immediately reveals the status of the file.

You can see from the screenshot above that the incomplete AVI file that I input was damaged.

I press the Repair! button.

DVR checks the file.

It then starts repairing it. At the end of the repairing process it makes another copy of the file and places it in the same directory.

For a freeware it does an exceptionally good job although it was unable to recognise a few partially-downloaded AVI files.

Problems With Incomplete AVI Files

Now.the thing with partially-downloaded AVI files is that they can freeze with certain players. But it worked well with the VLC player. However, I could not use the seek feature, meaning I couldn't fastforward it while it was playing. When I did the whole movie froze. Windows Media Player would not play the file at all citing no codecs available for it.

After repairing the file with DVR I could fastforward and rewind with VLC !

Editing an Incomplete AVI File

The next thing I did was to try to edit the repaired AVI. Magix Movie edit pro could not import it. Even AVCutty could not accept it citing invalid format.

So, how did I go about editing the repaired file? I converted the AVI file into a MPEG1 file with IMtoo Converter after which I used Magix Edit Pro,to edit and output it to VCD!

What was an unusable file is now functional, never mind if it's incomplete.

Something is better than nothing.

PS. I could not test out corrupted AVI files because I had none available. Maybe you could give a try and let me know the outcome.

Download Digital Video Repair

How to Repair Broken/ Corrupted AVI files through DivFx++

2009-04-28T15:13:00.000-07:00

One of the most frustrating moments of a person's life is when he downloads a movie from the internet spending 5-6 hours and almost 1 GB bandwidth and then realizes that the darn AVI file is broken and no video player can play that file, including VLC. You have none to blame but yourself at that time. So, here is a solution for you. Wbhy don't you just repair it. Is it possible? My answer is, Yes.

DivFix++ is a FREE widows utility which lets you repair corrupted files and you can also preview parts of the movie files which you download and combine them to form the final movie file.

You can fix a list of corrupted AVI files in one go as the program supports a list more than one avi file to be repaired in one run. Drag and drop all the AVI files you want repair, select them all in the list and press Fix button at the bottom of the interface of DivFix++.

Download

How to configure EditPlus to compile JAVA codes

2009-04-22T15:03:00.000-07:00

What is Edit Plus ?
EditPlus is a text editor, HTML editor and programmers editor for Windows.
How to configure Edit Plus to compile and run JAVA code ?
Go to Tools >> Configure

Click Add Tool >>

Tool #1 (for compiling the code)
Menu text : compile
Command : C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin\javac.exe (Browse for javac.exe)
Argument : $(FileName) (File Name)
Initial Directory : $(FileDir) (File Directory)
Check "Capture Output" and "Save Open Files"

Tool #2 (for executing the code)
Menu text : run
Command : C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin\java.exe (Browse for java.exe)
Argument : $(FileNameNoExt) (File Name Without Extension)
Initial Directory : $(FileDir) (File Directory)
Check "Save Open Files"

Tool #3 (for applets)
Menu text : applet viewer
Command : C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin\appletviewer.exe
Argument : $(FileName) (File Name)
Initial Directory : $(FileDir) (File Directory)
Check "Save Open Files"

Small images Album

2009-04-01T21:13:00.000-07:00

View Full Album

If You Can Raed Tihs, You Msut Be Raelly Smrat

2009-03-30T08:13:00.000-07:00

"Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteers be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe."

BCA IGNOU 6th sem.

2009-03-23T18:17:00.000-07:00

IGNOU BCA 6th Sem.

For Only IGNOU BCA students.

Synopsis Form

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3982091/cs76-bca-synopsis-form.doc.html

Training Letter

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3982090/cs76-bca-project-trainee-letter.doc.html

Guide Remuneration Form

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3982092/cs76-gude-remuneration-form.doc.html

Certificates of Originality

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3982089/cs76-bca-certificate-originality.doc.html

Last Date of Synopsis / Final Project Report Submission

Sl.No.	Topic	Date
1.	Submission of a guide's bio-data and project proposal at the following address: The Regional Director of your Regional Centre	Twice a year as shown below: 1 st April to 30 th June or 1 st October to 31 st December
2.	Approval of Project	30 days after the project proposal is received.
3.	Submission of the Project Report ( one copy ) in bound form to: The Regional Director of your Regional Centre	Twice a year as shown below: 1 st July to 30 th September (For Project Proposals that have been approved during the 1 st April to 30 th June slot) or 1 st January to 31 st March (For Project Proposals that have been approved during 1 st October to 31 st December slot)
4.	Viva-Voce to be conducted	In July (For project reports submitted during 1st January - 31st March slot) In January (For project reports submitted during 1st July - 30th September slot)

Search Engines (boost your traffic)

2009-03-19T17:31:00.000-07:00

Submit your website to these search engines for free.

www.scrubtheweb.com/addurl.html
www.altavista.com/addurl/default
www.whatuseek.com/addurl.shtml
http://search.aol.com/add.adp
www.findlaw.com/info/write/addurl.html
www.alltheweb.com/help/webmaster/submit_site
http://submitit.bcentral.com/msnsubmit.htm
http://docs.yahoo.com/info/suggest/
www.exactseek.com/add.html
www.infotiger.com/addurl.html
www.walhello.com/addlinkgl.html
www.canada.com/search/web/addurl.asp
www.mastersite.com/addurl.htm
www.gigablast.com/addurl
www.uknetguide.co.uk/AddURL/
www.qango.com/dir/addurl.html
www.surfgopher.com/addurl.htm
www.uazone.net/go/addurl.cgi
www.ananzi.co.za/Add_site/
www.ixquick.com/eng/url_submission.html

For yahoo:
http://searchmarketing.yahoo.com/srchsb/ssb.php

For google:
http://www.google.com/addurl/

http://www.ineedhits.com/free-tools/submit-free.aspx
http://dmoz.org/add.html
http://www.exactseek.com/add.html
www.submitexpress.com/submit.html
http://www.iwebtool.com/top_sites/
http://www.linkreferral.com/
www.evrsoft.com/fastsubmit/
www.addme.com/
www.uswebsites.com/submit/
www.addyoururl.org/
www.pagerank10.co.uk/
www.searchsight.com/submit.htm
www.gigablast.com/addurl
www.dmegs.com/
www.hit-counter-download.com/free-search-engine-submission.html
www.websitesubmit.hypermart.net/freesubmit.htm
www.search.live.com/docs/submit.aspx
www.infotiger.com/addurl.html
www.caribseek.com/Suggest_A_Website/
www.referer.org/
www.firefactor.coffeecup.com/
www.thebest25sites.com/
www.alexa.com/site/help/webmasters
www.geminigraphics.com/promote.htm
www.addurl.altavista.com/
www.bravenet.com/
www.searchmonster.org/
www.relevantdirectory.com/
www.iblogbusiness.com/add.html
www.dxpnet.com/riot/submit.asp
www.rlrouse.com/add-url.html
www.canada.com/search/web/addurl.asp
www.powerhomebiz.com/Links/addurl.htm
www.entireweb.com/free_submission/
www.travelnotes.org/General/addurl.htm
www.global.gr/mtools/linkstation/
www.wwwomen.com/notes/addurl.shtml
www.walhello.com/addlinkgl.html
www.search.iwon.com/commerce/submitasite.jsp
www.maxxhits.com/
www.aesop.com/add.html

Most of these links do it for free (over 98%) but there are maybe a two, which require payment...
How this works?
Ok...here i will explain how this works...
When you submit your site to these sites...u will either will be entered into the search engines or onto their website...
But in both cases...your traffic would boost higher than before as more people will be exposed to your site...

Edit Any Web Page in your Browser

2009-03-19T16:07:00.000-07:00

javascript:document.body.contentEditable%20=%20'true';%20document.designMode='on';%20void%200

Copy and past the above code on your url. Or Just click here and start editing this page.

for handy use right click and clik on (bookmark This Link or add to favorites…) this link.

Modify the My Computer text to show logged on username and machine name

2009-03-15T03:01:00.000-07:00

A. It may be useful to have the My Computer icon to show the current logged on user and computer name and this can be configured as follows:

1. Start the registry editor (regedt32.exe)
2. Move to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}
3. Select the value and Delete
4. From the Edit menu select 'Add Value'
5. Leave the value name blank and set the type to REG_EXPAND_SZ
6. Click OK and enter the text
User: %USERNAME% on: %COMPUTERNAME%
7. Click OK
8. Click on the desktop and press F5 (for refresh) and the change takes effect

Without changing the value type to REG_EXPAND_SZ the %username% and %computername% does not get expanded to the actual user name and computer name. This works for Windows NT 4.0, for Windows 2000 perform the following:

1. Start the registry editor (regedt32.exe)
2. Move to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}
3. Double-click the value LocalizedString to edit and cut'n'paste the contents to somewhere safe. It will be something like:
@D:\WINNT\system32\shell32.dll,-9216@1033,My Computer
4. Use Registry/Save Subkey to save the current entry.
5. Delete the value LocalizedString.
6. Create a new value named LocalizedString of type REG_EXPAND_SZ and paste in the content saved at step 3). Edit the text 'My Computer' at the end of the string and change it to '%USERNAME% on %COMPUTERNAME%', for example to:
@D:\WINNT\system32\shell32.dll,-9216@1033,%username% on %computername%
7. Right-click on the desktop and choose Refresh, if you have desktop icons shifted to the taskbar, right-click on the desktop section and choose Refresh.

Windows XP Secrets

2009-03-15T02:56:00.000-07:00

Heres a collects of tips, and secrets I found regarding your copy of Windows XP. When I say 'your' copy, I mean all general distro's of XP from Home edition to Pro.

Level: Easy to Intermediate

1) Newbie but nice tips

Stop CD's from auto playing - Hold down the Shift key for a few seconds after inserting CD.

Did you know you can open a explorer window of XP folders by simply
typing it's name in the run box.

Try this

Start ---> Run

Then in the run box type "Desktop" ( without or without the quotes )

Click ENTER

Voila! Your desktop contents in an explorer window

Try it out on others, I've tried "Desktop" and "Control Panel"
they work...nice eh?

Here's an interesting one for ya. In the run box enter a . (period, full stop whatever you call it) only.

Click ENTER

If you know DOS you'll understand what's happening here ( hint try ".." too )

2) System Properties > I Can't access it with out my Mouse !

To access the System Properties window when your mouse won't work, hold down the Windows key (usually between Ctrl and Alt) then hit Pause/Break (up there by scroll lock) and presto! One System Properties windows coming right up!

Did you know that you can password protect your PC without 3rd party software? Yup...it's easy.

Lockdown is a very effective way to secure your machine **IF** you have a passwrd on your acount and don't use "auto-logon" software/settings. No more wiating for the screen saver password to come on! Instant and easy:

1) Click on Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> User Accounts

2) Click on "Change the way users logon on and off"

3) Uncheck "Use Fast User Switching"

4) Uncheck "Use Welcome Screen"

5) Close that window (optional)

6) Hold down the Windows key then hit the letter "L"

7) Your workstation is now locked

**There's another way to put the workstation into lockdown...

1) Go through steps 1-5 of the previous list

2) Hit Ctrl-Alt-Del

3) Hit Enter

3) clsid Codes - and what they are for..

My Computer
::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}

Network Neighborhood
::{208D2C60-3AEA-1069-A2D7-08002B30309D}

Recycle Bin
::{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}

Task Scheduler
::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}\::{D6277990-4C6A-11CF-8D87-00AA0060F5BF}

Printers
::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}\::{2227A280-3AEA-1069-A2DE-08002B30309D}

Control Panel
::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}\::{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}

Web Folders
::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}\::{BDEADF00-C265-11D0-BCED-00A0C90AB50F}

4) Windows XP shortcut keys

* Windows: Display the Start menu
* Windows + D: Minimize or restore all windows
* Windows + E: Display Windows Explorer
* Windows + F: Display Search for files
* Windows + Ctrl + F: Display Search for computer
* Windows + F1: Display Help and Support Centre
* Windows + R: Display Run dialog box
* Windows + break: Display System Properties dialog box
* Windows + shift + M: Undo minimize all windows
* Windows + L: Lock the workstation
* Windows + U: Open Utility Manager
* Windows + Q: Quick switching of users (Powertoys only)
* Windows + Q: Hold Windows Key, then tap Q to scroll thru the different users on your pc

Sometimes a file just won't allow itself to be deleted. The most common
reason for this is that Explorer has a grip on this file and won't let go!

The following method should allow us to delete the wee bugger....

How to delete an Undeletable file

* Open a Command Prompt window and leave it open. Close all open programs.
* Click Start, Run and enter TASKMGR.EXE
* Go to the Processes tab and End Process on Explorer.exe. Leave Task Manager open.
* Go back to the Command Prompt window and change to the directory the undeletable file is located in.
* At the command prompt type DEL where is the file you wish to delete.
* Go back to Task Manager, click File, New Task and enter EXPLORER.EXE to restart the GUI shell.
* Close Task Manager

Display the on-screen keyboard

* Start --> Run ( or Windows + R )
* Type osk ( Press ENTER )

5) Setting Folder Permissions in XP Pro

Using the GUI to set XP folder permissions...

Windows XP Pro

This only works on NTFS formatted drives!

Ensure Simple File sharing is disabled.

My Computer ---> Tools ---> Folder Options ---> View

The folder I will change will be the MSOCache

Before

Notice the folder is showing as 315MB.

Okay, now select the Security Tab, and set permissions accordingly. You can
select users to hide/disable access for. In this example I deny all permissions for myself! ( You would normally select a different user or user group ).

Properties of folder after we set the permissions

Notice the folder is showing as 0KB's! Also, if you try and enter the folder you
will be presented with an access denied message. Kool for keeping snoopers
from your pr0n

Now, for the more advanced!

Same thing using command line

I won't go into all the details, but the command you use is named CACLS

Code:

Quote:
D:\>CACLS /?
Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files

CACLS filename [/T] [/E] [/C] [/G user:perm] [/R user [...]]
[/P user:perm [...]] [/D user [...]]
filename Displays ACLs.
/T Changes ACLs of specified files in
the current directory and all subdirectories.
/E Edit ACL instead of replacing it.
/C Continue on access denied errors.
/G user:perm Grant specified user access rights.
Perm can be: R Read
W Write
C Change (write)
F Full control
/R user Revoke specified user's access rights (only valid with /E).
/P user:perm Replace specified user's access rights.
Perm can be: N None
R Read
W Write
C Change (write)
F Full control
/D user Deny specified user access.
Wildcards can be used to specify more that one file in a command.
You can specify more than one user in a command.

Abbreviations:
CI - Container Inherit.
The ACE will be inherited by directories.
OI - Object Inherit.
The ACE will be inherited by files.
IO - Inherit Only.
The ACE does not apply to the current file/directory.

Cyclic Redundancy Check Errors

2009-03-12T14:58:00.000-07:00

How to Copy a File and Ignore Cyclic Redundancy Check Errors

Cyclic redundancy check errors are common when trying to read data from a damaged CD or DVD. Usually the computer becomes less responsive and you hear repetitive seek noises from the drive for up to a minute. And then, if you are using Windows XP, you will encounter "Cannot copy... Data error (cyclic redundancy check)". The copy process is then aborted with no option of retrying to read from the damaged area or skipping over it. This is very frustrating when copying large files because you must try copying again from the beginning. Follow these steps to copy a file from a damaged disk.

Steps

   1. Launch JFileRecovery, a free cross platform file recovery utility (link provided below).
   2. Specify the source file that needs to be recovered.
   3. Specify a destination file to copy the file to.
   4. Click "Begin Recovery" and wait for the recovery process to complete.
   5. The location of damaged parts of the file will be indicated and you may retry these areas.
   6. The destination file can now be used and copied without CRC errors.

Tips

* When copying a large file that fills the entire CD you can use JFileRecovery to gain insight into the location of the damaged region of the disk. CDs are written from the inside out. Use the diagram in JFileRecovery to determine the location and concentrate on removing scratches from that region.
* You can retry reading damaged regions of the CD again after cleaning.

Warnings

* This technique should only be used for multimedia files such as music and videos and not executable files. A few bad bytes in video and music files might result in a small glitch in playback.

Download

http://www.jfilerecovery.com/

First install it : http://java.com/en/download/manual.jsp

Any doubt feel free to ask me, I am 100% it will work.

My Computer / Computer

2009-03-12T14:11:00.000-07:00

::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}

Recovering Deleted Files

2009-03-11T21:47:00.000-07:00

Today's tip is on recovering deleted files from your hard drive... Accidentally deleting files is something we all try to avoid, but it can happen on occasion... Emptying the recycle bin before checking its contents, performing a Shift+Delete on a file or folder, or deleting a file from the command line can all render your data invisible to XP, and seemingly lost forever... This can be quite upsetting if the data in question was something you've spent a lot of time working on... Fortunately, your chances for recovery of deleted data are actually quite good, especially if you take immediate action...
Windows XP does not ship with any application for assisting you in recovering your data, so I would recommend using a free application called Restoration (mirror)... This program is very effective at recovering deleted files from your hard drive... The application does not require installation either, so it is a handy application to carry on a USB flash drive as well...
Below is an example of recovering files using Restoration:

Simply select the drive you'd like to restore from in the pulldown menu at the upper right, then click on the "Search Deleted Files" button... After the search is complete, select the files you'd like to restore and click on the "Restore By Copying" button...
It is important that you try to restore your files either to another drive or partition, so as to avoid overwriting information on your source drive... So if you only have one drive/partition, try to restore the data to diskette, USB flash drive, or a network drive...
Hopefully you'll never need to put today's tip to use, but if you ever need to undelete files, now you'll be prepared...

BCA/ASSIGN/VI/2009

2009-01-27T01:13:00.000-08:00

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

(BCA)

ASSIGNMENTS

Year, 2009

(6^th Semester)

CS-74 CS-75

CS-74 CS-75

SCHOOL OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES

INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY

MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068

CONTENTS:

Course Code

Assignment No.

Submission-Schedule

For Jan-June Session

For july-Dec Session

CS-72

BCA(6)-72/Assignment/09

15^th April,2009

15^th October,2009

CS-73

BCA(6)-73/Assignment/09

15^th April,2009

15^th October,2009

CS-74

BCA(6)-74/Assignment/09

15^th April,2009

15^th October,2009

CS-75

BCA(6)-75/Assignment/09

15^th April,2009

15^th October,2009

__________________________________________________________

Course Code : CS 72

Course Title : C++ and Object Oriented Programming

Assignment Number : BCA (6)-72/Assignment/ 09

Maximum Marks : 25

Last Date of Submission : 30^th April, 2009/30^th October, 2009

There are eight questions in this Assignment. Answer all the questions. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance your explanations. Answer to each part of the question should be confined to about 300 words.

Q. 1 Explain four major advantages of Object Oriented Programming with the help of an

example each. (2 marks)

Q. 2 Explain the following terms in the context of object oriented programming. Also explain how these concepts are implemented in C++ by giving an example program for each.

(a) Single Inheritance

(b) Abstraction

(d) Function Overloading

(4 marks)

Q. 3 Explain the concept of late binding and dynamic binding with the help of at least two examples. Are these concepts related to polymorphism? Explain your answer.

(2 marks)

Q. 4 What is the need of UML? Explain the use of any two diagrams used in UML with the help of an example of each.

(2 marks)

Q. 5 Explain the usage of the following C++ operators with the help of an example program.

(a) sizeof operator

(b) bitwise AND operator

(d) Dereferencing operator

(2 marks)

Q. 6 Write a function swap that exchanges the values of two variables using a third variable, by using the:

(a) Pointers

(b) & (address of) operator

Explain the two functions that you have written.

(2 marks)

Q. 7 Create a class hierarchy for the Worker and Supervisor using C++. The Worker class should include details like worker ID, Name, address of the worker, department ID and Supervisor ID. The classes should have necessary functions to input the required information and a polymorphic function to print the details of the workers or supervisors. For the worker’s this print function should output the worker ID, Name and Supervisor ID. Whereas for the supervisor’s this function should out put the Name and department ID of the supervisor. Please note that a supervisor is also a worker. Make and state suitable assumptions, if any.

(4 marks)

Q. 8 Write a template class “stack” in C++. The class should have functions for push, pop, stack full and stack empty. Use this template to create a stack of integer and a stack of character. Make suitable assumptions, if any.

(3 marks)

Q. 9 Create a class IntStr that stores a positive decimal integer as a string (the maximum number of decimal digits in the string can be assumed to be only 5 digits, so the maximum value that can be stored is 99999, whereas minimum value that can be stored is 00000.). The class should have a copy constructor, and an overloaded + operator. The overloaded + operator should perform the addition. On addition using this + operator, if the length of result exceeds 5 digit then the class should give the result as 00000. Write the necessary main() function to demonstrate the use of the class.

(4 marks)

__________________________________________________________

Course Code CS-73

Course Title : Theory of Computer Science

Assignment Number : BCA(6)-73/Assignment/2009

Maximum Marks : 25

Last date of Submission : 30^th April, 2009/30^th October, 2009

This assignment is having five questions. Answer all the questions.

Q. 1 Define the following concepts formally/mathematically, with one example for each:

a) Regular Language

b) Primitive Recursive Function

c) Turing Machine

d) Unsolvable Problem

e) Turing-Decidable Problem

f) Mealy Automata

g) Universal Turing Machine

h) Deterministic Finite Automata

i)Context-Free Grammar

j) Godel Number

(5 marks)

Q. 2 Construct a DFA (Deterministic Finite Automata) accepting the following

Set:

w has an even number of a’s and odd number of b’s }

(5 marks)

Q. 3 Construct Turing Machine for the following languages:

(i) {aⁿbⁿcⁿ : n > 1}

(ii) {ww^R : w is any string of 0’s and 1’s} (5 marks)

Q. 4 Find the minimum state finite automaton equivalent to the following

transition diagram :

(5 marks)

Q. 5 Design the Push Down Automata (PDA) which accepts the language:

(5 marks)

__________________________________________________________

Course Code : CS-74

Course Title : Introduction to Internet Programming

Assignment Number : BCA(6)-74/Assignment/09

Maximum Number : 100 (weightage = 25)

Last Date of Submission : 30^th April, 2009/30^th October, 2009

This assignment is having six questions. Answer all the questions.

Q. 1 Answer the following questions through examples:

(i) What are the benefits of inheritance in Java programming? (6 marks)

(ii) What are the applications of super and this keyword? (2 marks)

(iii) What is the use of the final modifier? (2 marks)

Q. 2 (i) What is the input and output to a Java compiler?. (2 marks)

(ii) What is the relationship between Java and HTML? (2 marks)

(iii) What is the import statement for? (2 marks)

(iv) What are the differences between application and applets? How do you

run an application and an applet? (9 marks)

Q. 3 (i) Describe the JAVA throughable class hierarchy and types of exceptions.

(10 marks)

(ii) What is the purpose of claiming exceptions? (3 marks)

(iii) What is the keyword throw and throws used for? (2 marks)

Q. 4 Design a menu-driven interactive programme to find out capital cities of all the states of India using switch statement. (20 marks)

Q. 5 Admission to a professional course is subject to the following condition:

a) Marks in mathematics > = 60 (20 marks)

b) Marks in Physics > = 50

c) Marks in Chemistry > = 40

d) Total in all three subjects > = 200

Total in mathematics and Physics > = 150

Given the marks in the three subjects, write a programme to process the applications to list the eligible candidate.

Q. 6 Write a programme to perform binary operations on integer argument. The arguments and operators should be accepted using command line parameters.

(20 marks)

__________________________________________________________

Course Code : CS-75

Course Title : Intranet Administration

Assignment Number : BCA (6)-75/Assignment/ 09

Maximum Marks : 25

Last Date of Submission : 30^th April, 2009/30^th October, 2009

There are five questions in this assignment. Answer all the questions. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance your explanations.

Q. 1 Define the term “Intranet”. (3 marks)

Q. 2 Define the term “Extranet”. (3 marks)

Q. 3 Explain the differences between Internet and Intranet. (3 marks)

Q. 4 How can it be ensured that the transactions that take place across Intranet are secure? Explain with an example. (10 marks)

Q. 5 What is Internet Protocol Version 6.0? Explain any two features of it?

(6 marks)

__________________________________________________________

How to create READ MORE in Blogger platform!

2009-01-22T14:35:00.000-08:00

How to create READ MORE in Blogger platform!

Today i create a new blog on Blogger platform. I write some posts and when i want to put ”Read more” on a post i can find it! I search on the Internet, i found something
but with few explications. Now i want to write this tutorial with some printscreens! Let’s start!

[1] Login to your blogger account and go to Settings

[2] Now click on Template

[3] Now click on Edit HTML

[4] Before editing click on the check box of Expand Widget Templates,
to see the complete structure of your page

[5] Search this: ( Find with your Browser: Edit -> Find )

<b:if cond=’data:blog.pageType != “item”‘>

[6] Now you need to write this code: <a expr:href=’data:post.url’>Read more!</a>

[7] You finished, now when you create a post and if you want ot put “Read More”,
write this:

Example:
About hamid-info.blogspot.comRead more

Gamers’ Grammar

2009-01-21T05:24:00.000-08:00

Gamers’ Grammar

You love games but you don’t understand the mumbo jumbo? Here are some of the terms most commonly used by gamers around the world and their meanings.

Playing Games on your PC doesn’t make you a gamer. To truly become a gamer, you must understand the spirit of gaming. The first step in the process of becoming a gamer is to understand the gamin terms. Given below are a few of the commonly used gaming terms with their meanings:

A. SUB GENRE

1. FPS : FPS stands for First Person Shooter. The term FPS is used in action games played from a first person’s perspective, i.e. you play through the eyes of the character you control.

Eg : Half life is a FPS game.

2. TPS : TPS stands for Third Person Shooter. The term TPS is used in games where the character which is controlled is viewed from a distance, i.e. the camera seems to be behind the characters head.

Eg. : Max Payne is a TPS game.

3. RTS : RTS stands for Real Time Strategy. The term RTS is used in strategy games which are not turn based, i.e. the game continues playing irrespective of whether you make your move or not.

Eg. : Age of Empire is a RTS game.

4. SIM : Sim is short for simulation. The term sim or simulation is used for games that simulate reality.

Eg. : Flight simulator is a sim.

5. MMORPG OR MMO : MMORPG stands for Massive Multiplayer Online Role Play Games. The term MMO is used for online games that have many players playing simultaneously. The term RPG (Role Play Games) is used when players assume the role of a fictional character in a fantasy are combined with role play, MMORPG is born.

B. IN GAME TERMS

1. GAMEPLAY : Gameplay basically refers to anything you do in the game. The term gameplay is used to define the overall experience of the game with respect to the gamer.

Eg. : running, Shooting, Jumping etc all constitutes to gameplay.

2. HUD : HUD stands for Heads Up Display. It is usually the area on screen that contains the basic information about the character.

Eg. : Health, ammo, map etc are displayed on the HUD.

3. AI : AL stands for Artificial Intelligence. AI is basically the measure of the intelligence of characters in the game that are not under the user’s control.

Eg. : If you are shooting at bad guys in the game and they don’t duck for convers it shows poor AI.

4. BOT : BOT is short for robot. The term bot is used to refer to computer controlled characters in the game.

Eg. : During online play, if the teams are unbalanced, bots are used to fill the gap.

5. RESPAWN : RESPAWNING is the recreation of a game character after its death or destruction.

Eg. In counter strike, usually you cannot respawn until the end of the round where as in games such as Unreal you can respwan as soon as you die.

C. MISCELLANEWOUS TERMS

1. RL : RL stands for Real Life. This term is usually used by gamers to differentiate between the gaming chat and real life char.

Eg. I am an emperor here, but a student in RL.

2. CRACK : A crack is a small file or code developed by a cracker. A crack is used in pirated games to bypass its security.

3. PATCHES : Patches are small or medium size files which could be developed by the developer or cracker. Patches are minor updates used to improve a programme.

Eg. If a game has very high loading time, patches could be released to rectify this.

4. BUGS : A bug is an error in the game or malfunction in the gaming code.

Eg.: Hands becoming transparent, gun going inside walls, getting stuck at corners etc while playing a game are all bugs.

5. EXPANSION PACK : Expansion packs are an addition to existing games like extra level, new characters etc with the essence of the game till being the same. Expansion packs may or may not be dependent of the original.

6. PLATFORM : The different consoles on which a game can be played is called a platform.

Eg. : The commonly used platforms are PC, PS3, and Xbox.

7. LAG : This condition occurs usually during online play and is caused due to congested network or a slow systems. When your movements are slower than the others you are said to be lagging.

8. DEVELOPERS AND PUBLISHERS : A Develper is a company or an individual who has created the game from scratch and Publisher is the company or companies which sell the game to the public.

Local Area Network (LAN) Basic Components

2009-01-18T13:35:00.000-08:00

The local area network (LAN) is home to sheer bandwidth and countless client server applications. Different companies have radically different networks; some have a single PC and others have hundreds of locations and thousands of computers. This page is intended to explain the basic principles and components frequently found on the LAN. The internal network is usually built with the highest bandwidth available. It is then connected to a tiny internet connection which is almost always a bottle neck for internet traffic. Most businesses of any size have at least one server to provide extra computing features to the business. The internet is explicitly distrusted and generally the network has protection from the internet built in. The LAN is something that businesses have complete control over. Network devices are much simpler than servers and PCs. It is common (and best practice) to duplicate significant portions of the Network to allow for failure without having a noticeable impact on the network. A LAN is the local cabling and set of network devices at an individual location building or campus but the internal network can easily include many LANs connected to form a WAN.

The internal network, and therefore the LAN, exists to link all of the PCs, laptops, servers, printers, and anything else that might be useful for a computer to talk to. Most LANs have a cable running from every computer to a wall jack. The wall jack is connected to a very similar type of cable that runs to a patch panel in a wiring closet. A patch panel is simply a bank of cable ports that allows all of the cables coming from each wall jack to be connected to the LAN if desired. Any active wall jack must have the corresponding port in the patch panel connected to a switch in the wiring closet. A wiring closet is a centralized room where these cables end. It is common for there to be many wiring closets in a building. The standard is that these wiring closets not actually be used for anything else besides LAN equipment, although this rarely happens in practice. If there are many switches in a wiring closet, they are connected to one or two switches within in the same closet. These serve to connect all of the switches there as well as some of the cable runs entering the room. The switches in a wiring closets are connected to a centralized switch or switch pair in a main wiring closet. The centralized switch or switch pair serves to connect the entire LAN together. These distribution switches connect to the router(s) that the location may have to further connect the switches to the internet or the enterprise WAN thus extending the LAN.

The internet is full of hackers which means that the traffic that comes from the internet is usually distrusted. On most local area networks there are more things that communicate or are set up to communicate than are used and fewer that are really needed. However everything that is on a computer that communicates on the LAN is a potential vulnerability for a hacker to exploit. For this reason most networks use a firewall which simply restricts what can communicate (IP address) to what is on the other side of a firewall and what type of communications (port number) can pass through it. Generally this means that only the things frequently used are allowed to pass through it. The idea is that anything that is not a business need is not allowed through which greatly reduces what a hacker can attack. In reality it does leave many options open for attack, although it is certainly a much smaller set of options than what would be available without it. Because the servers that communicate directly with the internet are considered the highest risk these are frequently placed in what’s called a demilitarized zone (DMZ). This simply means that the traffic to and from these servers and the normal internal network is restricted by additional firewalls. Some DMZ’s have additional firewalls inside them to further protect the LAN from any internal threat.

There is usually a firewall between the internet and the internal network (LANs); that is the firewall is placed between the internet border router and the adjacent core switch to protect the LAN. A firewall is simply a device that restricts communication and helps improve security much like a guard post does. Firewalls are also commonly used to segregate off anything else that is considered a higher risk. If there are any servers that accept connections from the internet there is frequently a demilitarized zone (DMZ). With DMZ’s a firewall is placed both between the servers and the internet and between the servers and the internal network (both LAN and WAN). This reduces the probability and impact of a server being hacked. (A hacked server on the network is a serious risk to the rest of the network and common practice is to remove it from the network regardless of it’s purpose.) There are frequently additional firewalls within a DMZ to further reduce the security risk within the DMZ. It is also common to have an intrusion detection system (IDS) at various points of the WAN, especially in the DMZ and internet connection where there is the greatest chance that an attack will happen. Unlike a firewall an IDS is not necessarily intended to stop malicious activity but rather to simply detect it, log it, and possibly notify the appropriate persons.

Many people enjoy being able to use a wireless connection to connect to the LAN rather than having cables connected to their laptop. This means that there are (depending on the size of the building) many antennas installed throughout the building. These antennas are called access points. Because the reception area provided by the access points is relatively small there are many access points connecting to each wiring closet. It is worth noting that because each access point potentially connects many computers it is much cheaper to install wireless than it is to install physical cabling to each computer. However there are many drawbacks of wireless. It is possible for someone who would not normally be allowed to both connect to the LAN to connect and to intercept the connection. Both are considered security risks. The first allows a hacker, potentially off company property, to connect to sensitive systems only accessible to employees on the LAN. The latter allows a hacker to read sensitive information being transmitted such as passwords, e-mails, etc. There are steps that can be taken to reduce this risk such as encrypting the wireless signal and placing all of the wireless traffic behind a firewall on the outside of the regular LAN. Wireless communication is somewhat slower than the physically cabled counterparts as well. For these two reasons, most businesses do not connect most of their computers to a wireless connection with exceptions for some laptop users. This may not be allowed for non-employee access and is treated as a security risk. It is common to find wireless access points on a LAN.

The LAN connects most of the computers and devices together with switches. A switch is basically a large bank of network cards. The switch is what connects all of the cables. A patch panel looks similar to a switch from the front but merely provides a convenient and neat way to end the cables collected in a wiring closet. A patch panel connects nothing and is just a large multi-port panel where a switch is an electronic device that connects these electronically to the LAN. Switches switch small chunks of traffic at lightning speed between whichever cables the traffic needs to go through to reach the destination. Many of these allow administrators to login from a portion of the LAN to administer the connections and advanced settings. The number of cable connections that a single one can support varies. These are a more advanced technology than a hub which has been replaced by switches in all modern LAN’s. Many of these devices in a modern network are layer 3 switches which means that they are also capable of acting as a router. If there are enough computers to require many switches, the switches connect to each other and are arranged with one or two switches connecting all of the other switches. Most larger networks contain many switches.

A router is the device that connects different smaller networks (LAN’s) together to form a WAN or MAN. The purpose of a router is to determine the next route a packet of data should take to get to the destination most efficiently. This simply means picking a device it is connected to and forwarding the packet to that device which is closer to the destination. There are usually only one or two routers in most offices. However larger networks have multiple routers at central locations such as the headquarters, data centers, and carrier’s facilities. Routers are usually only connected to only other switches and routers. Routers are generally more advanced than switches. These devices contain knowledge of the entire network where switches normally only contain knowledge of the individual LAN they service. If there is more than one office (thus multiple LANs) then there is normally a virtual circuit used to connect the locations together for which the company spends additional money. For example frame relay and asynchronous transmission mode (ATM) connections both create a virtual connection between the LANs. This means that only network traffic between the two locations can pass through and security precautions normally needed for internet connections are not necessary. This is true even though there may be a great deal of distance between the locations. Virtual private networking (VPN) can also be used for the same effect which is implemented very differently. Because this uses encryption to form the virtual circuit, it is often used to connect corporate laptops on the internet to the internal network.

If there is a shared resource, such as a website, that is used by many people there are sometimes many servers that provide the service. A load balancer is used to determine and regulate exactly how each individual server provides which portion of the load within the LAN. This provides both greater capacity (multiple servers are sharing the load rather than just one) and reliability (theoretically) as long as there is one server left the service is still available. In practice a load balancer may improve reliability but it can never be guaranteed to always detect a failure and rebalance the load without using the failed server. Similar means of balancing loads can be done other ways. For example a DNS server can simply rotate the IP address given for a DNS entry. This is how Google rotates load between different servers at different data centers. It is rare for a load balancer to balance the load to dissimilar devices or devices not on the same LAN segment.

It is common for a network to contain a proxy. A proxy is used to restrict web access, filter viruses, and move some of the load on the internet connection to the LAN. This is simply a server that caches web pages and retrieves those that are not in the cache from the internet. This allows any requests for the same web page to be loaded from the cache on the LAN rather than the internet connection reducing the load on the LAN connection. For example if two people both go to Google’s home page early in the morning the second one does not have to be loaded from the internet. This saves bandwidth. This is also sometimes used to restrict the sites that employees can go to as well as record where they go. There are companies that compile lists of websites by category intended for use as a type of parental control over the employees. For example a business can display a web page saying access denied whenever an employee tries to go to a porn site from work. Some businesses have also reported tremendous success with distributing a list of the employees who visit porn sites the most at work throughout the company. Similar things can be done with game sites where employees may waste time, racist, bigot, or malicious websites. Some people object to proxies citing privacy or censorship concerns.

Businesses’ networks almost always have at least one server on the LAN. Very large companies may have hundreds of servers. It is considered best practice to have at least two redundant network cables connected to the servers that also connect to different switches for a reliable LAN connection. This sometimes requires software installed and configured on the server to ensure that if one LAN connection fails it starts to use the other one. It is possible to have more than one LAN connection and load balance these but this requires special configuration on the switch as well as the server. If the network connection is load balanced it provides better performance due to the double sized network connectivity. Severs also are the first to receive the latest cabling and network cards. Because servers are used by many people it is often attractive to upgrade the network connections long before the rest of the network. These are often also much easier to upgrade because they are usually in the same room as the switch so the manual labor and cable length used is minimal.

Most businesses have directory services in place. This is normally considered an application level service rather than part of the LAN. This simply means that there is one or more servers on the network which are tasked with authenticating passwords and possibly other related tasks such as storing user settings. Whenever there is a need for user authentication, such as logging intro a computer or accessing a network file share, a authentication request is sent to the directory services server. This prevents someone who may have been able to gain unauthorized physical access to an enterprise PC from logging into any computer on the LAN. Of course if the intruder happens to obtain the username and password of an employee this will do little good. This is also used for internal employees to use a single password. The password is valid for shared resources such as network file shares and applications in a controllable and restrictive manner. Some examples are active directory and NIS.

There are a lot of components to the internal business network. Local area networks (LAN) are usually fairly modern and very fast and make up a great portion of the internal network. However these are almost always connected to an internet connection that is significantly slower. For this reason there are many things that can be done on a LAN or WAN that are not financially feasible on the internet. This page kept it very simple, but if you look around you will find more information on this site about local area networks and networking in general.

LAN Technologies

2009-01-18T13:12:00.000-08:00

In general terms, LAN (Local Area Network) refers to a group of computers interconnected into a network so that they are able to communicate, exchange information and share resources (e.g. printers, application programs, database etc). In other words, the same computer resources can be used by multiple users in the network, regardless of the physical location of the resources.

Each computer in a LAN can effectively send and receive any information addressed to it. This information is in the form of data 'packets'. The standards followed to regularize the transmission of packets, are called LAN standards. There are many LAN standards as Ethernet, Token Ring , FDDI etc. Usually LAN standards differ due to their media access technology and the physical transmission medium . Some popular technologies and standards are being covered in this article.

Media Access Control methods

There are different types of Media Access Control methods in a LAN, the prominent ones are mentioned below :

Ethernet - Ethernet is a 10Mbps LAN that uses the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol to control access network. When an endstation (network device) transmits data, every endstation on the LAN receives it. Each endstation checks the data packet to see whether the destination address matches its own address. If the addresses match, the endstation accepts and processes the packet. If they do not match, it disregards the packet. If two endstations transmit data simultaneously, a collision occurs and the result is a composite, garbled message. All endstations on the network, including the transmitting endstations, detect the collision and ignore the message. Each endstation that wants to transmit waits a random amount of time and then attempts to transmit again. This method is usually used for traditional Ethernet LAN.

Token Ring - This is a 4-Mbps or 16-Mbps token-passing method, operating in a ring topology. Devices on a Token Ring network get access to the media through token passing. Token and data pass to each station on the ring. The devices pass the token around the ring until one of the computer who wants to transmit data , takes the token and replaces it with a frame. Each device passes the frame to the next device, until the frame reaches its destination. As the frame passes to the intended recipient, the recipient sets certain bits in the frame to indicate that it received the frame. The original sender of the frame strips the frame data off the ring and issues a new token.

Fast Ethernet - This is an extension of 10Mbps Ethernet standard and supports speed upto 100Mbps. The access method used is CSMA/CD .For physical connections Star wiring topology is used. Fast Ethernet is becoming very popular as an upgradation from 10Mbps Ethernet LAN to Fast Ethernet LAN is quite easy.

FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) - FDDI provides data speed at 100Mbps which is faster than Token Ring and Ethernet LANs . FDDI comprise two independent, counter-rotating rings : a primary ring and a secondary ring. Data flows in opposite directions on the rings. The counter-rotating ring architecture prevents data loss in the event of a link failure, a node failure, or the failure of both the primary and secondary links between any two nodes. This technology is usually implemented for a backbone network.

Topologies

The various ways in which cables are arranged constitute the topologies in a LAN. Some of the Ethernet Topologies are described here :

Bus Topology : Thick and thin Ethernet LANs use a bus topology, in which devices connect directly to the backbone at both the physical and logical levels . This type of LAN is very easy to use and cheap to implement, but the problem is to troubleshoot and maintain.

Star Topology : In this topology , a individual twisted pair or fiber optic cable is coming from each node and terminating at central network concentrator as hub/switch.The star wiring simplifies LAN administration and maintenance.

Token Ring Topology : Stations on a Token Ring network attach to the network using a multistation access unit (MAU ) through UTP/STP cable. Although the Token Ring is logically a ring, physically it is a star, with devices radiating from each MAU .

LAN Components

Basic LAN components

There are essentially five basic components of a LAN

Network Devices such as Workstations, Printers, File Servers which are normally accessed by all other computers

Network Communication Devices i.e. devices such as hubs, routers, switches etc., used for network operations

Network Interface Cards (NICs) for each network device required to access the network .

Cable as a physical transmission medium.

Network Operating System - software applications required to control the use of the network LAN standards.

Network Communication Devices

Network Communication devices

A LAN comprises of different communication devices across the network such as the following :

Repeater : A Device that amplifies and regenerates signals , so that they can travel for longer distance on the cable.

Router : The basic function of the router is to route the traffic from one network to another network efficiently. It provide intelligent redundancy and security required to select the optimum path. Usually routers are used for connecting remote networks.

Hub : A typical hub is a multi-port repeater. The signals received at the backbone is regenerated and transmitted to all other ports.

Switch : This is a device with multiple ports which forwards packets from one port to another. In case of 10Mbps Ethernet switch, each port supports dedicated 10Mbps bandwidth. Ethernet switch is fast emerging as a replacement of the traditional thick backbone and best way to improve performance of the network.

Physical Transmission Media

Physical Transmission Media

Cables constitute the Physical Transmission Medium in a LAN and could be of the following types.

Cables

Coaxial cable : Coaxial cable consists of a stiff copper conductor wire as core surrounded by an insulating material. There are two type of coaxial cables used in Ethernet LAN - Thick coaxial cable used for distances upto 500m and thin coaxial cables upto 185m.

Twisted pair cable: They are four pairs of insulated copper conductors twisted and bounded by single plastic sheath with or without conductor shield termed as STP and UTP respectively.

Fiber Optic Cables : In Fiber Optic cable, the medium used is optical fiber instead of any conductors .The information is transmitted in form of optical signal. Due to the high speed of optical signals the cable can support high bandwidth for longer distance. Depending upon the type of fiber, there are two types of Fiber Optic cables, single mode and multi-mode.

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

In recent years, with the boom in information technology leading to new GUI based applications, more emphasis is being given to improving backbone and inter LAN performance. This has lead to a new concept of connecting the backbone through ATM switches. ATM ( asynchronous transfer mode) is the switching technology where data is sent in forms of fixed length cells instead of packets of various lengths. The speed of , in case of the ATM switches, is comparatively much faster than the traditional Ethernet switch, as the network overhead is less for ATMs.

Internet Access over LAN

Internet Access over LAN

There are various methods of connecting a LAN to the Internet Gateway, which are explained as below :

Dial - Up
Leased line
ISDN
VSAT Technology
RF Technology (Wireless Access)
Cable Modem

Dial - Up

A common way of accessing Internet over LAN is the Dial-Up approach. In this method, a remote user gets to Internet as follows - Initially the remote user¹s PC is linked to the local gateway through an existing dialup line using modems, once the user has reached the local gateway, further routing up to Internet is taken care of, by the local gateway itself. The routing procedures are transparent to the end user.

Leased line

Leased line facility provides reliable, high speed services starting as low as 2.4kbps and ranging as high as 45 Mbps (T3 service). A leased line connection is an affordable way to link two or more sites for a fixed monthly charge. Leased Lines can be either fiber optic or copper lines High capacity leased line service is an excellent way to provide data, voice and video links between sites. Leased line service provides a consistent amount of bandwidth for all your communication needs.

ISDN

Integrated Services digital Network (ISDN) is a digital telephone system. ISDN involves the digitization of telephone network so that voice, data, graphics, text, music, video and other source material can be provided to end users from a single end-user terminal over existing telephone wiring.

ISDN BRI (Basic Rate ISDN) delivers two 64 kbps channels called B channels and one at 16kbps (D channel). ISDN offers speed at 64 Kbps and 128 Kbps and is an alternative for those with a need for greater Bandwidth than dial service.For utilizing the ISDN service, the User needs to have an ISDN Terminal Adapter and an ISDN Card on the system.

VSAT

VSAT technology has emerged as a very useful, everyday application of modern telecommunications. VSAT stands for 'Very Small Aperture Terminal' and refers to 'receive/transmit' terminals installed at dispersed sites connecting to a central hub via satellite using small diameter antenna dishes (0.6 to 3.8 meter). VSAT technology represents a cost effective solution for users seeking an independent communications network connecting a large number of geographically dispersed sites. VSAT networks offer value-added satellite-based services capable of supporting the Internet, data, voice/fax etc. over LAN. Generally, these systems operate in the Ku-band and C-band frequencies.

Cable Modem

The Internet Access over cable modem is a very new and fast emerging technology. A "Cable Modem" is a device that allows high speed data access via a cable TV (CATV) network. A cable modem will typically have two connections, one to the cable wall outlet and the other to the PC. This will enable the typical array of Internet services at speeds of 100 to 1000 times as fast as the telephone modem. The speed of cable modems range from 500 Kbps to 10 Mbps.

A Guide to Ethernet Components and Terminology

2009-01-18T10:33:00.000-08:00

A Guide to Ethernet Components and Terminology

The power of an Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network) is tremendous when applied to a factory floor or other industrial application. However, to take full advantage of its features, it requires more than simple wire connections from one device to another. Following are descriptions and explanations of some of the infrastructure devices that can make your Ethernet LAN come alive.

Unmanaged Ethernet switches are a plug and play installation. Switches increase the number of nodes and the length of the LAN. They are designed to divide the network into separate collision domains. This reduces overall traffic on a LAN, improving communication speed and reducing errors.

Switches route communication to the desired end device instead of broadcasting the communication to everyone connected to the LAN. This is accomplished by the switch’s ability to set up a table of device addresses connected to each leg of the switch. With this information the switch knows where to send each Ethernet packet once it is received.

Managed Ethernet Switches allow advanced control of your LAN. They usually include software to configure your network and diagnostic ports to monitor LAN traffic. If communications fail, most managed switches will alert the manager via e-mail or by closing a relay to trigger an audible signal or flash a light. Another feature available on managed switches is QoS (Quality of Service) programming which prioritizes messages ensuring important data receives the highest priority on the LAN segment.

Ethernet Hubs are a simple way to increase the number of nodes, extend network distances while introducing the smallest amount of latency. Hubs don’t examine the Ethernet packets for destination information so they deliver
the packets even more quickly than a switch. All messages received by the hub are sent out on all legs to all the connected devices. Installation is a plug and play operation.

Media Converters change Ethernet twisted pair copper wires into fiber optic signals. Fiber optic is often preferable because it is impervious to interference that can disrupt the signals being carried by copper. Because fiber can extend the distance of a network up to 2 km in each segment, media converters can also increase the range of a network.

10BASE-T - 10 Mbps Ethernet communications over Category 3 or better cable.

100BASE-TX - 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet communications over Category 5 or better cable.

10BASE-FL - 10 Mbps Ethernet transmitted over fiber optic cable.

100BASE-FX - 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet transmitted over fiber optic cable.

Auto-negotiation - A protocol defined in the Ethernet standard that allows devices at either end of a link segment to advertise and negotiate modes of operation such as link speed (10 or 100 Mbps), half or full-duplex operation and full-duplex flow control.

MDI - Medium Dependent Interface. The name for the connector used to make a physical and electrical connection between a transceiver and a media segment. For example, the RJ45 style connector is the MDI for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX.

MDI-X - An MDI port on a hub or media converter with an internal crossover function. A “straight-through” cable can be used to connect a station to this port since the signal crossover is performed inside the port.

Quality of Service (QoS) - Some switches support QoS (per 802.1p and 802.1Q standards) wherein tagged messages can be assigned one of eight levels of priority. QoS can be important where time-critical applications can be affected by data delays.

VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network. A LAN that maps stations on a basis other than location — such as by department, user type or application. Managing traffic, workstations and bandwidth can be easier with a VLAN.
This improves network efficiency.

Structured Cabling — Nothing in Ethernet is left to chance. A set of cabling standards for design, installation, performance and testing provides a “structure” for Ethernet. (Refer to EIA/TIA 568 and ISO11801)

BCS-061P & CS-68P

2009-01-18T07:42:00.000-08:00

For Each Set

Total Marks: 20

Duration: 1 Hrs

Term End Practical, July 2008

BCS-061P (Set 1)

1) Run the following command & write its use. [5]

a. mail

b. cat

2) Write & run a program in c-language for a simple data transfer between a client & server machine using TCP Protocol. [15]

BCS-061P (Set 2)

1) Run the following command & write its use. [5]

a. ping

b. who

2) Write & run a program in c-language for implanting swap function, which exchange two socket addresses. [15]

CS-68P (Set 1)

1) How can you check the MAC address of your machine? Show it & writer all the steps. [5]

2) Examine the Ethernet in your Study centre. [15]

a) What new network components (transceivers, switch, router etc) did you find? Write detailed specifications of each.

b) What is the length of cable used?

CS-68P (Set 2)

1) How can you assign IP address to your machine? Show it & writer all the steps. [5]

2) We have a wire up to 200 meter of type UTP Cat5. We have to make a connection of one computer with another computer located at 200 meter. There are two additional switches also available for this purpose. Show how both computers will be connected. [15]

Insert Into Statement

2009-01-17T14:24:00.000-08:00

In SQL, there are essentially basically two ways to INSERT data into a table: One is to insert it one row at a time, the other is to insert multiple rows at a time. Let's first look at how we may INSERT data one row at a time:

The syntax for inserting data into a table one row at a time is as follows:

INSERT INTO "table_name" ("column1", "column2", ...)
VALUES ("value1", "value2", ...)

Assuming that we have a table that has the following structure,

Table Store_Information

Column Name	Data Type
store_name	char(50)
Sales	float
Date	datetime

and now we wish to insert one additional row into the table representing the sales data for Los Angeles on January 10, 1999. On that day, this store had $900 in sales. We will hence use the following SQL script:

INSERT INTO Store_Information (store_name, Sales, Date)
VALUES ('Los Angeles', 900, 'Jan-10-1999')

The second type of INSERT INTO allows us to insert multiple rows into a table. Unlike the previous example, where we insert a single row by specifying its values for all columns, we now use a SELECT statement to specify the data that we want to insert into the table. If you are thinking whether this means that you are using information from another table, you are correct. The syntax is as follows:

INSERT INTO "table1" ("column1", "column2", ...)
SELECT "column3", "column4", ...
FROM "table2"

Note that this is the simplest form. The entire statement can easily contain WHERE, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses, as well as table joins and aliases.

So for example, if we wish to have a table, Store_Information, that collects the sales information for year 1998, and you already know that the source data resides in the Sales_Information table, we'll type in:

INSERT INTO Store_Information (store_name, Sales, Date)
SELECT store_name, Sales, Date
FROM Sales_Information
WHERE Year(Date) = 1998

Here I have used the SQL Server syntax to extract the year information out of a date. Other relational databases will have different syntax. For example, in Oracle, you will use to_char(date,'yyyy')=1998.

Create Table Statement

2009-01-17T14:22:00.000-08:00

Tables are the basic structure where data is stored in the database. Given that in most cases, there is no way for the database vendor to know ahead of time what your data storage needs are, chances are that you will need to create tables in the database yourself. Many database tools allow you to create tables without writing SQL, but given that tables are the container of all the data, it is important to include the CREATE TABLE syntax in this tutorial.

Before we dive into the SQL syntax for CREATE TABLE, it is a good idea to understand what goes into a table. Tables are divided into rows and columns. Each row represents one piece of data, and each column can be thought of as representing a component of that piece of data. So, for example, if we have a table for recording customer information, then the columns may include information such as First Name, Last Name, Address, City, Country, Birth Date, and so on. As a result, when we specify a table, we include the column headers and the data types for that particular column.

So what are data types? Typically, data comes in a variety of forms. It could be an integer (such as 1), a real number (such as 0.55), a string (such as 'sql'), a date/time expression (such as '2000-JAN-25 03:22:22'), or even in binary format. When we specify a table, we need to specify the data type associated with each column (i.e., we will specify that 'First Name' is of type char(50) - meaning it is a string with 50 characters). One thing to note is that different relational databases allow for different data types, so it is wise to consult with a database-specific reference first.

The SQL syntax for CREATE TABLE is

CREATE TABLE "table_name"
("column 1" "data_type_for_column_1",
"column 2" "data_type_for_column_2",
... )

So, if we are to create the customer table specified as above, we would type in

CREATE TABLE customer
(First_Name char(50),
Last_Name char(50),
Address char(50),
City char(50),
Country char(25),
Birth_Date date)

Sometimes, we want to provide a default value for each column. A default value is used when you do not specify a column's value when inserting data into the table. To specify a default value, add "Default [value]" after the data type declaration. In the above example, if we want to default column "Address" to "Unknown" and City to "Mumbai", we would type in

CREATE TABLE customer
(First_Name char(50),
Last_Name char(50),
Address char(50) default 'Unknown',
City char(50) default 'Mumbai',
Country char(25),
Birth_Date date)

You can also limit the type of information a table / a column can hold. This is done through the CONSTRAINT keyword

Specifying a primary key

2009-01-17T14:16:00.000-08:00

A primary key is used to uniquely identify each row in a table. It can either be part of the actual record itself , or it can be an artificial field (one that has nothing to do with the actual record). A primary key can consist of one or more fields on a table. When multiple fields are used as a primary key, they are called a composite key.

Primary keys can be specified either when the table is created (using CREAT TABLE) or by changing the existing table structure (using ALTER TABLE).

Below are examples for specifying a primary key when creating a table:

MySQL:
CREATE TABLE Customer
(SID integer,
Last_Name varchar(30),
First_Name varchar(30),
PRIMARY KEY (SID));

Oracle:
CREATE TABLE Customer
(SID integer PRIMARY KEY,
Last_Name varchar(30),
First_Name varchar(30));

SQL Server:
CREATE TABLE Customer
(SID integer PRIMARY KEY,
Last_Name varchar(30),
First_Name varchar(30));

Below are examples for specifying a primary key by altering a table:

MySQL:
ALTER TABLE Customer ADD PRIMARY KEY (SID);

Oracle:
ALTER TABLE Customer ADD PRIMARY KEY (SID);

SQL Server:
ALTER TABLE Customer ADD PRIMARY KEY (SID);

Note: Before using the ALTER TABLE command to add a primary key, you'll need to make sure that the field is defined as 'NOT NULL' -- in other words, NULL cannot be an accepted value for that field.

Bachelor in Computer Applications - BCA

2009-01-17T14:00:00.000-08:00

BCA From IGNOU

The BCA provides an understanding and skills related to the use of computer and its application. Its design is based on the BDP programme of the IGNOU, with a special focus on computer application and possibly of moving on to an MCA after completing the BCA.

The minimum duration of the course is 3 years ad the maximum duration is 6 years. The facilities for counselling and practical second and third year will, however, not automatically be extended after first year of study. Practical sessions in subsequent years is at the discretion of the University and subject to payment for the same. During practical 2 students have to share one computer. In the first year total no of practical sessions is 40 (10 sessions in semester - 1 and 30 sessions in 2nd semester ). In 2nd year total number of practical session is 40 and in 3rd year total number of practical counselling sessions is 60. Each practical counselling session is equal to 3 hrs.

The BCA comprises of the following courses year-wise.

First Year
1st Semester & 2nd Semester

CS-610 : Foundation course in English for Computing
CS-612 : P.C. Software application Skills
FHS : Foundation Course in Humanities & Social Science
CS-60 : Foundation Course in Mathematics in Computing
CS-611 : Computer Fundamentals
CS-62 : C Programming & Data Structure

Second Year
2nd Semester & 3rd Semester

FST : Foundation Course in Science & Technology
CS-06 : Introduction to DBMS
CS-63 : Introduction to System Software
CS-64 : Introduction to Computer Organisation
CS-05 : Elements of System Analysis and Design
CS-65 : Window Programming
CS-66 : Multimedia
CS-67 : A RDBMS Lab

Third Year
5th Semester & 6th Semester

CS-68 : Computer Network
CS-72 : C++ and Object Oriented Programming
CS-69 : TCP/IP Programming
CS-73 : Theory of Computer Science
CS-70 : Introduction to Software Engineering
CS-74 : Introduction to Internet Programming (JAVA, ACTIVEX)
CS-71 : Computer Oriented Numerical Techniques
CS-75 : Intranet Administration
CS-76 : Project

After passing BCA 3rd year a student can join from MCA 2nd year

SQL Syntax - SELECT,UPDATE and DELETE

2009-01-17T10:05:00.000-08:00

Below is the Lists of possible syntax for SELECT,UPDATE and DELETE

SELECT Syntax - Get Information from a table in database
SELECT ColumnName1,ColumnName2, ColumnName3 FROM TableName
SELECT DISTINCT ColumnName FROM TableName
SELECT COUNT (ColumnName) FROM TableName
SELECT ColumnName FROM TableName WHERE ColumnName = value
SELECT ColumnName FROM TableName WHERE ColumnName1 = value AND ColumnName2 = value
SELECT ColumnName FROM TableName WHERE ColumnName1 = value OR ColumnName2 = value
SELECT ColumnName FROM TableName WHERE ColumnName IN (Value1,Value2)
SELECT ColumnName FROM TableName WHERE ColumnName BETWEEN (Value1 AND Value2)
SELECT ColumnName FROM TableName WHERE ColumnName Like '%Value1%'
SELECT ColumnName FROM TableName ORDER BY ColumnName
SELECT ColumnName1 , SUM(ColumnName2 ) FROM TableName GROUP BY ColumnName1 HAVING (Arithematic Condition)

UPDATE Syntax
UPDATE TableName SET ColumnName = Value WHERE {Condition}
UPDATE TableName SET ColumnName = Value WHERE ColumnName = value

DELETE Syntax
DELETE TableName WHERE {Condition}
DELETE TableName WHERE ColumnName = value

Transaction Control in SQL

2009-01-17T06:31:00.000-08:00

Transaction Control

A TRANSACTION is a unit of work. A TRANSACTION may be a single action or it may be a series of actions. For example, if you add 5 records and all 5 records must be added before saving, that is a single transaction. If you add 5 records and you save between each, those are 5 discrete transactions.

NOTE: Whether or not the 5 transactions must be saved as one transaction or as multiple transactions is based on the business rules for an application. In general, the database does not care.

TRANSACTION CONTROL refers to the commands that allow you to save, or not, any data that you may have manipulated. Technically, transaction control has its own language, separate from DML called the Transaction Control Language or TCL. However, in most conversations, TCL is usually encompassed in DML. Regardless, TCL is important to understand before you start using DML.

Begin Transaction/End Transaction

The keywords “BEGIN TRANSACTION” and “END TRANSACTION” are part of the ANSI SQL standard. Unfortunately, not all vendors have implemented these keywords the same way. For some, the keywords are optional, other required. For some, END TRANSACTION is implicitly called by COMMIT or ROLLBACK and you will get an error by using this keyword. Others require an END TRANSACTION and will commit your data when called.

To make it a little more difficult, at least one database treats your DML and DDL commands differently depending on whether or not you call BEGIN TRANSACTION. For this database, if you do not explicitly begin the transaction, each successful DML command is auto-saved and any errors are rolled back. If you do explicitly begin the transaction, by calling BEGIN TRANSACTION, all commands are treated as a single transaction and are committed or rolled back together.

The easiest way to see if your database requires these commands is to check the documentation for your chosen database.

The important thing to remember about these keywords is that they really don't do anything to your data. They don't add data or change data. In some databases, using the END TRANSACTION will save any changes you have already made.

Synonyms for BEGIN TRANSACTION are BEGIN, BEGIN WORK and START TRANSACTION.

Rollback

ROLLBACK is arguably the most important command that you will learn. I call it, fondly, the “oops” command. With the ROLLBACK command you can undo any kind of DML. In many databases, you can even undo Data Definition Language (DDL) commands.

ROLLBACK will rollback all changes back to the beginning of a transaction. In some systems, that means back to the last BEGIN TRANSACTION, where as in other databases that means back to the last COMMIT or ROLLBACK.

In Oracle, DDL cannot be undone via ROLLBACK. DML can. You are not required to begin a transaction in Oracle and a ROLLBACK will rollback to the last COMMIT or ROLLBACK before it.

The syntax for a ROLLBACK is very simple:

ROLLBACK;

Many vendors like to extend the database with proprietary syntax extensions on the standard. Oracle, for example, adds the FORCE keyword to handle special situations with distributed transactions. One extension to rollback, albeit part of the standard, is rollback to savepoint. Not all databases support SAVEPOINT.

Savepoint

A savepointallows a developer or user to maintain multiple rollbackpoints in a SQLscript or procedure. You can use them interactively but that is less useful as it can quickly get confusing.

Savepoints allow nested rollbacks. You can execute a DML command, i.e. insert a record, issue a savepoint, insert another record and then rollback just the second insert. Without savepoints, a rollback would roll back both inserts.

Savepoint work by giving a name to a savepoint.

INSERT INTO taba(column1) VALUES (123);

SAVEPOINT first_savepoint;

INSERT INTO tabb(column2) VALUES (456);

To rollback all changes, we would use:

ROLLBACK;

To rollback just the second insert, we roll back to the named savepoint:

ROLLBACK TO first_savepoint;

It is possible for the script or session to have multiple savepoints.

INSERT INTO taba(column1) VALUES (123);

SAVEPOINT first_savepoint;

INSERT INTO tabb(column2) VALUES (456);

SAVEPOINT another_save;

INSERT INTO taba(column2) VALUES (456);

SAVEPOINT oogabooga;

INSERT INTO tabd(column3) VALUES (789);

We could roll back to any one of these:

ROLLBACK TO oogabooga;

ROLLBACK TO another_save;

Executing these two rollback commands would leave the first two inserts intact but would undo inserts 3 and 4.

Had we issued:

ROLLBACK TO first_savepoint;

None of the other savepoints would remain. Rolling back to a higher level savepoint invalidates the lower level savepoints. As a matter of a fact, if we executed:

ROLLBACK TO first_savepoint;

ROLLBACK TO oogabooga;

We would get an error in most databases.

Commit

The second most important command you can learn is the COMMIT command. Commit tells the database to save any additions, changes or deletions that you may have made. The basic syntax is very simple:

COMMIT;

In some databases, you may need to say:

COMMIT WORK:

In some databases, COMMIT WORK and COMMIT TRANSACTION are synonyms for COMMIT. As mentioned above, in some databases, END TRANSACTION is also a synonym for COMMIT.

Some extensions that you may see for the COMMIT keyword allow you to COMMIT your work but let you continue processing before the change is written to disk (NOWAIT) or to force a commit on distributed transactions (FORCE).

It's always important to review your vendor documentation for specific extensions to the SQL standard as some of these extensions are extremely valuable. For example, Oracle's NOWAIT extension can dramatically improve performance in certain situations where there is an extremely high transaction rate and during batch loads.

______________________________________
Source : http://databasewisdom.com/sql_toc_chapter2.shtml

Direct FTP games on ftp

2009-01-08T13:23:00.000-08:00

"ftp://leech:l33ch@61.145.123.141:5632/"

WolframMathematica

2009-01-06T01:49:00.000-08:00

http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.jsp?expr=((x^5)(1-x)^4)%2F(1%2Bx^2)&random=false

Wolfram Mathematica

ONLINE INTEGRATOR

The world's only full-power integration solver

Mathematics 1=2 ?

2009-01-06T01:32:00.000-08:00

prove 1=2
______________

Consider x^2 -x^2:
x^2-x^2=x(x-x).........eqn.1
also,x^2-x^2=(x+x)(x-x).......eqn.2
equating 1 n 2........x(x-x)=(x+x)(x-x)........
cancelling (x-x) both sides...........we get........
x=x+x
=> x=2x
cancelling x both sides.........
=> 1=2.....
hence proved.................
______________

To Prove 1 = 2
Let x = y
=> 2x - x = 2y - y
=> 2x - 2y = x - y
{taking 2 common in LHS}
=> 2(x - y) = (x - y)
=> 2 = 1
hence proved.....!!!
______________

x^2 = x*x
x^2=x+x+x.......(x times)
differentiating both sides...
2x = 1+1+1+.......(x times)
2x=x
2=1

______________

Source : Orkut Community

"HOLY QUARAN"

2008-09-23T10:51:00.000-07:00

Click the link to read "HOLY QUARAN"

Read Holy_Quran.pdf

Downloading link of "HOLY QUARAN"

Download Holy_Quran

Size : 4.13 Mb.

Tired of chasing your mouse? Use keyboard shortcuts

2008-09-21T18:40:00.000-07:00

Tired of chasing your mouse? Use keyboard shortcuts

Published: September 7, 2006

The mouse, one of the greatest advances in computing history, provides you with an intuitive point-and-click method for using your computer. Depending on the type of work you're doing, however, sometimes using a mouse actually slows you down. If you are a good typist, taking your hands away from the keyboard to move the mouse can use up a few seconds. Over the course of a full day, you could save several minutes by using keyboard shortcuts instead of the mouse.

You can use your keyboard instead of your mouse to do these three tasks:

• Start a program
• Navigate menus
• Minimize, maximize, and close windows

Start a program using a keyboard shortcut

The Start menu is great for finding programs, but its multiple levels of folders can be time consuming to navigate. If there is a program you start frequently, you should set a keyboard shortcut for it so that you can start the program without taking your hands off the keyboard.

To set a keyboard shortcut to start a program

1.	Click the Start menu, and then click All Programs. Right-click the program that you want to start with a keyboard shortcut, and then click Properties.

2. Click in the Shortcut key box. Now press the letter on your keyboard that you want to use to start the program. Make it easy to remember—for example, press I for Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Note: You can use either uppercase or lowercase letters when creating your keyboard shortcuts—and when accessing them later. In the Shortcut key box, Microsoft Windows XP automatically adds Ctrl + Alt + before the key you pressed. When you want to start the program, hold down both the CTRL and ALT keys simultaneously, while also pressing the letter you chose. This way, your program won't start every time you type that letter.

3. Click OK.

4. Now test your shortcut. Hold down the CTRL and ALT keys, and then press the letter you chose. If you find it difficult to hold down two keys at once, read Turn on the Sticky Keys feature. Your program should start.

When your friends see you start up programs without touching your mouse, they just might think you have a psychic connection with your computer!

Navigate menus using the keyboard

You can speed up tasks in almost any program by choosing menu items using your keyboard instead of your mouse. This operation is particularly handy when you're performing repetitive tasks.

To control menus using your keyboard

With your program open, press the ALT key. Notice that one letter on each menu name is now underlined. To open the menu, press the underlined key. For example, in Internet Explorer, the View menu name shows the V underlined after you press the ALT key. To open the View menu, press the ALT key, and then press V.

2. Now, each menu item will show one letter underlined. To access or activate the menu item you want, simply press the underlined key. For example, in Internet Explorer, after you open the View menu, the Privacy Report menu item shows the V underlined. Instead of clicking Privacy Report with your mouse, you can just press the V key.

3. You can also choose menu commands by pressing key sequences quickly, without waiting for the menus to open. For example, to quickly view a Web page's privacy report in Internet Explorer, press ALT, V, V. Similarly, to save a Web page in Internet Explorer, you would normally click the File menu, and then click Save As. To choose the same commands using your keyboard, press ALT, F, A.

Control windows using your keyboard

If you like to keep four or five windows open while you work (or play) on your computer, you'll appreciate knowing these keyboard shortcuts. You can quickly switch between your Web browser, e-mail, instant message windows, and other programs without taking your hands off the keyboard.

Action	Shortcut
Minimize a window to your taskbar	ALT, SPACEBAR, N
Maximize a window so it takes up your whole desktop	ALT, SPACEBAR, X
Restore a window so it's visible but doesn't take up your whole desktop	ALT, SPACEBAR, R
Close a window	ALT+F4
Switch to the last window you had open	ALT+TAB
Switch to any window	Hold down the ALT key, and press TAB until the window you want is active

Programs often start up in a "restored" state, where the window takes up only part of the screen. To maximize the window so that it takes up the entire screen, press the ALT key, press the SPACEBAR, and then press X. This will feel natural after you do it a few times, and you will feel much more efficient while using your computer.

Source : Microsoft

MULTIPLE LOGIN THROUGH FIREFOX

2008-09-21T18:37:00.000-07:00

MULTIPLE LOGIN THROUGH FIREFOX

Multiple login in firefox (100% working)

Step 1: open system properties (by right clicking my computer), choose tab advanced, click to environment variables button. In system variables section, click new. Type this information to each textbox.

Variable name: moz_no_remote (should be all small letters)

variable value: 1

press ok to close all windows.

Step 2: open firefox icon's properties (from desktop and quick launch). Add extension -p to command line (like "c:program filesmozilla firefoxfirefox.exe" -p). Press ok.

Done!!!!!!!!!!!

While starting firefox u has to create two separate profiles of firefox so that u can login to two accounts of any (orkut, yahoo, rediff or anything else)....... for three logins create three profiles of firefox.........

HTML Editor 2008 Professional v11.0.3

2008-09-21T18:26:00.000-07:00

9n9)………….

HTML Editor 2008 Professional v11.0.3

Design, upload and maintain your website with this multi-award-winning Web development application with dual-mode visual (also known as WYSIWYG) and code-based (HTML, CSS and PHP) editing functionality.

With a huge range of easy to use functions, tutorials for beginners, free updates, integrated technical support contact capabilities and a dedicated Customer Benefits program - its no surprise why the Best Address HTMLEditor is fast becoming the number one choice in website development and HTML editing for both beginners and experts alike.

The huge range of professional features include:

* Templates included + download more for free

* Visual editing mode

* Coding mode with live split-screen previewing

* HTML tutorials included for beginners

* Free technical support - even from within the software itself

* FTP program included for uploading your website files (DigitalAccess FTP)

* Site project capabilities

* Spell checking

* DHTML menu editor

* HTML syntax checking

* Support for opening and saving directly from the Internet

* Image map editing

* Source code securing: helps prevent unauthorised code and design copying

* Mange tasks you need to complete with the to-do list

* Comprehensive help

* And over 70 other major features!

Download Links:

Rapidshare

http://rapidshare.com/files/79653717/BestAddress.HTML.Editor.2008.Professional.v11.0.3.rar

Size : 8 Mb

RarPass: softbase.info

15 Tips to Bring More Traffic to Your Blog

2008-09-21T18:08:00.000-07:00

15 Tips to Bring More Traffic to Your Blog

There are many factors that make blogs much better than normal WebPages including the speed at which blogs are indexed, ability to submit to blog directories & normal directories, pings and track backs. All these little things can help drive more traffic to blogs. Here are 15 popular techniques you can use:

1. Create at least four keyword posts per day. Most of the top blogs such as Boing Boing, Daily Kos, and Instapundit (with literally tens of thousands of visitors per day) publish an average of 30 small 100-150 word posts per day according to "Secrets of the A-list Bloggers: Lots of Short Posts" by TNL.net

2. Submit to My Yahoo! When you submit your own RSS to My Yahoo it is indexed by Yahoo.

3. Submit to Google's Reader. When you submit your own blog RSS to Google's Reader the Google Blog Search will index your site.

4. Add a relevant link directory to your blog and trade links like a demon possessed! Although it may take more time than simply submitting to a search engine one time, this method is perhaps the best way to drive traffic to your site. Use software such as Zeus to speed up the link trading process.

5. Use ping sites like ping-o-matic. Ping your site every time you add a new post.

6. Submit your blog to traditional search engines such as AltaVista, and MSN.

7. Submit your blog to traditional directories such as DMOZ. Directories (particularly DMOZ) increase relevance with Google. DMOZ is very picky, but what do you have to lose by trying?

8. Submit to as many RSS Directories and Search Engines as possible. This is a simple but repetitive process that can be done with software such as RSS SUBMIT.

9. Comment on other blogs. Do not just leave short, lazy comments like "I agree." Leave well thought out replies that will force readers to wonder "who wrote this?"

10. Use track backs. If there is a blog that you refer to or quote and it is highly relevant to your subject, leave a track back. It increases your link popularity and may even score a few interested readers from the linked site.

11. Go offline. Use newspaper ads, public bulletin boards, business cards, even stickers to let as many people as possible know your blog exists.

12. Add a link to your blog in your e-mail signature block.

13. Use Groups (Usenet). Find a relevant group on Google groups, Yahoo groups, MSN groups or any of the thousands of other FREE group services and find like minded people and talk with them. Make sure to use your blog URL like it is your name.

14. Use Forums. Forums are one of the best places to go for advice. Go to forums and find problems to solve. Make sure you leave your blog name, but be tactful about it; some forums get annoyed with those who selfishly drop a few links to their own site and leave.

15. Tag your website. Tagging is a new idea that has erupted across the web. Sites like Del.icio.us, Technorati and many others have a social feature that allows you to place your article under keywords or "tags" that everyone interested in that tag can see.

MotoSound

2008-09-20T18:12:00.000-07:00

Motosound

download

Some gaintables

bumbastic

Extreme_Bass

ginjatables

wazzup gain table

Skins

2008-09-20T18:09:00.000-07:00

BlackLive.zip

Crystal.zip

e1000xp.zip

Fire cube.zip

firefox4345.zip

Fluid_9_Menu.zip

halflife2skin40.zip

HarryPotter.zip

icybluespeedymo06.zip

itiger.zip

Motorola_pack_theme_softonic.zip

motovista2_i21ap82i.zip

original skins.rar

poeticfolly_black.zip

spider-man_85wydc3j.zip

Vista _M.rar

vistav.zip

xp1x1byjai_cktpjfct.zip

XYconLess.zip

Motoskinv0.1.8

2008-09-20T18:08:00.000-07:00

Motoskinv0.1.8

This software is for editing skins.

Download

MotoKit

2008-09-20T18:06:00.000-07:00

MotoKit

THE all-in-wonder phone editor! Advanced Users ONLY! Very powerful software so BE CAREFUL.

Also has some Scripting options, though the Language barrier has not been fully breached yet and some features are hard to use and understand as a result. We wait in hopeful anticipation for a new release!

Excellent Software system! Includes many advanced features on a remarkably modular engine. BEWARE though, this software has been know to have a few bugs, so BACK IT UP! if you forget to, see if we have a flex/backup that you can restore your phone with.

Download

MotorolaDrivers

2008-09-20T18:02:00.000-07:00

Motorola Drivers

Download

This guide is intended to help you get your L7 connected to the computer so that you can mod it using p2k programs.

Step 1. Get the software.

Download Motorola USB Driver

Windows (32-bit)
https://developer.motorola.com/docstools/USB_Drivers/Handset_USB_Driver/Handset_USB_Driver_32_v3.5.0.msi/

Windows (64-bit)
https://developer.motorola.com/docstools/USB_Drivers/Handset_USB_Driver_64/Handset_USB_Driver_x64_v3.5.0.msi/

Step 2. Install the driver program

Extract the file Motorola_EU_Driver_Installation.msi from the zip file you downloaded.

Double click on this file and the installation will start.

Click next and the EULA will appear

Click on "I Agree" (obviously having read the agreement first ), then next

The program will now install

Click close to end the install procedure

hit "Continue Anyway"

Step 3: Install the drivers

You will now have a new program group in your start>programs menu - "Motorola Driver Installer", with a shortcut called "Motorola Driver Installer.exe" within it.

Make sure the phone is disconnected at this time.

Run this program

Under "Operation Mode" (lower left), select "Clean and Reinstall" (the bottom option).

Then hit "Start"

The program will then do its thing. When it is finished hit "Exit"

You may get the message about Windows Logo testing again - if you do, hit "Continue Anyway"

Step 4: Connect the phone

Make sure the phone is turned on then connect the USB cable. It is best to use a USB port on the rear of the PC rather than front mounted ports

as these sometimes connect to the motherboard via a hub

When you plug the phone in Windows will find new hardware - Motorola Phone (Model), then Motorola USB Modem. The installation should

complete without intervention.

You should now be able to connect using Mobile Phone Tools, the phone should also be charging.

We now want to install the P2k Drivers. First make sure MPT is not running.

Now with the phone still connected run one of the P2k programs, I generally use P2kMan - but thats just me.

When you do this Windows should find several new devices and after a short while the new hardware wizard will run. In the rare event the new hardware wizard does not start, install and run RSD Lite.
The first screen to appear asks if you wish to connect to Windows Update

Select "No, not this time", then click on "Next"

Choose "Install the software automatically (Recommended)", then hit "Next"

The driver for Accessories Interface is then installed, after a short while the following screen is displayed

Click "Finish"

The new hardware wizard will then run again

Once again select "No, not this time", then click on "Next"

This time the wizard asks for drivers for "Data Logging MCU Interface".

Choose "Install the software automatically (Recommended)", then hit "Next"

Again the drivers are installed then after a short while the following screen is displayed.

Click "Finish"

The new hardware wizard will then run for a third time

At the first screen select "No, not this time", then click on "Next" in the same way as before

This time the wizard asks for drivers for "Test Command Interface".

Choose "Install the software automatically (Recommended)", then hit "Next"

Again the drivers are installed then after a short while the following screen is displayed.

Click "Finish"

Your P2k drivers are now installed and the P2k programs should recognize the phone

Remember if you connect using a different USB port in the future, Windows will recongnise new hardware and you will need to repeat these

steps.

Step 5: Flash Interface Device

If at anytime you choose to flash your phone you will need the Flash Interface device installed. This device is used to communicate with the phone

while it is in bootloader mode.

In order to run the hardware installation wizard for this device you can do one of two things. Either use RSD Lite to flash the phone as normal

(browse to the file and hit start) and RSD Lite will switch the phone to bootloader mode for you. Alternatively you can start in bootloader manually

(hold * and # while turning the phone on), then connect the USB cable.

Either way the new hardware wizard will run again.

As before select "No, not this time", then click on "Next"

Choose "Install the software automatically (Recommended)", then hit "Next"

Again the drivers are installed then after a short while the following screen is displayed.

Click "Finish" and you are done - you can now flash your phone with RSD Lite.

Once more remember if you connect using a different USB port in the future, Windows will recongnise new hardware and you will need to repeat
these steps.
Congrats you have gotten your phone connected and can now start your modding.

Datasheet View	Design View
Displays the view, which allows you to enter raw data into your database table.	Displays the view, which allows you to enter fields, data-types, and descriptions into your database table.